Determination of Trace and Toxic Metal Levels in Some Fish Species and Assessment of Human Health Risk

Abstract Study was carried out to determine the concentration and bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in edible fish from river Ganga, India, to assess human health risk via consumption of fish. Two commonly edible fish species bagrid catfish and common carp were collected. The n-hexane extract of the muscle tissues were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and quantified by electron capture detector for pesticide residues. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in common carp of pesticides were found to be higher than those in bagrid fish. Daily exposures of pesticides for consumers via fish consumption were determined by calculating and comparing estimated daily intake (EDI) with ADI values. The EDI results in our study were insignificantly high from ADI values. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were evaluated by Target hazard quotient (THQ) and risk ratio (R), respectively. Hazard quotients (THQ) were found to be lower than the set 1.0, inferring non-carcinogenic risk by consumption of fish from the river. Regard to contaminants carcinogenic affects the total risk ratio (R) value of pesticides were found lower than threshold of tolerable risk except of heptachlor indicating carcinogenic risk via consumption of fish. The results demonstrate that due to increased pollution in the ecosystem required more attention.

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Human health risk assessment of lead, cadmium, and mercury co-exposure from agricultural soils in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 268-279

Author(s):

Maida Šljivić Husejnović ◽

Saša Janković ◽

Dragica Nikolić ◽

Biljana Antonijević

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Probabilistic Methods ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Metal Levels

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the risk of human exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) through agricultural soil by considering both uncertainty and variability in key exposure parameters. For this reason we collected soil samples from 29 locations in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and measured their metal levels with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission or absorption spectrometry (ICP-AES and ICP-AAS, respectively). The levels of Pb ranged from 13.33 to 1692.33 mg/kg, of Cd from 0.05 to 3.67 mg/kg, and of Hg from 0.02 to 2.73 mg/kg. To estimate cancer and non-cancer risks we used deterministic and semi-probabilistic methods. Lead was found to involve higher health risk than the other two heavy metals. Its hazard index (HI) decreased between population groups (children>women>men) and exposure routes (ingestion>skin contact>inhalation). Our Monte Carlo simulations indicated that Pb HIs for both adult populations had a 0.6 % probability to exceed the threshold value of 1, while in children this probability was 14.2 %. Cd and Hg showed no probability to exceed the threshold in any scenario. Our simulation results raise concern about possible adverse health effects of heavy metals from soil, especially in children. It is very important to continue monitoring environmental pollution and assess human health risk, not only with respect to soil, but also with other important environmental compartments, such as air and water.

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