OBESITY

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of risk factors of heart diseases in obesepatients. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: OPD of IndependentUniversity Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: One week duration extending from 4th to 10th May 2015.Patients and Methods: 90 Patients were selected by convenient sampling. A semi-structuredquestionnaire was used to collect the information from the sample. An informed consent wasalso obtained from the respondents under study and the secrecy of information was ensured.Results: Of the 90 patients under study, 33 (36.26%) were Grade 1 Obese, 51 (56.04%) wereGrade 2 Obese, and 7 (7.69%) were Grade 3 Obese. Among the patients 73.62% were nonsmokers,2.19% were former-smokers and 23.07% were smokers. Of the patients 15.38% werenon-diabetic, 12.08% had Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, 7.69% had Impaired GlucoseTolerance and 63.73% had Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Only 2 people of the91 who underwent the study were Alcoholics. Of them 1 had Grade 1 Obesity and the otherhad Grade 3 Obesity. 35.16% of the patients were non-hypertensive, 49.45% had Grade 1Hypertension, 5.49% had Grade 2 Hypertension and 5.49% had Grade 3 Hypertension. 26.37%patients had a sedentary life style while 53.84% had moderate and 18.68% had intense physicalactivity. 70.32% patients had a high fat intake while 28.57% had a low fat intake. Heart diseaseswere present in the fathers of 30.76% of patients, mothers of 13.18% patients and were presentin both father and mother of 7.69% patients. Conclusion: No significant trend in the increasein BMI and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was observed, however theincidence of some risk factors like diabetes and high fat intake was somehow in direct relationwith obesity.

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Hypertension in CB57BL/6J mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.1.r73 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (1) ◽

pp. R73-R78 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Mills ◽

C. M. Kuhn ◽

M. N. Feinglos ◽

R. Surwit

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Rate Response ◽

Control Diet ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Hypotensive Response ◽

Simple Carbohydrate

The C57BL/6J (BL/6) mouse develops non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) when fed a high fat-high simple carbohydrate (HFHSC) diet, whereas A/J mice do not. The purpose of the study was to determine whether hypertension occurred with NIDDM and whether it was sustained by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity. After 3 mo on an HFHSC diet with a low Na content (0.06%), awake, tail-cuff systolic blood pressure (BP) increased 20% above the control diet in BL/6 (138 +/- 3 vs. 115 +/- 4) but not in A/J (115 +/- 6 vs. 113 +/- 2 mmHg) mice. On a normal Na (0.4%)-HFHSC diet, BL/6 mice had a higher BP than on 0.06% Na (149 +/- 3 at 3 mo, 162 +/- 6 at 4.5 mo). After 1 mo on the 0.06% Na-HFHSC diet, direct BP of anesthetized BL/6 mice was 18% higher than control. The hypotensive response to interruption of SNS activity by ganglionic blockade (chlorisondamine) increased in the BL/6 mice (50%), whereas the heart rate response increased in both strains (20-30%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on glucose detected significant effects of strain and diet and a strain x diet interaction (P = 0.0007). At 1 or 3 mo, HFHSC-fed BL/6 mice were hyperglycemic (> 11 mM) compared with diet or strain controls. The ANOVA on insulin detected strain and diet effects but not a strain x diet interaction (P = 0.3). HFHSC increased insulin above the control of 140-160 pM in A/J and BL/6 strain (20-70% at 1 mo, 400% at 3 mo).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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