We developed an integrated microfluidic flow-through EC-PCR (EC-PCR) microdevice for the concurrent DNA amplification, PCR products EC detection and PCR products quantification instead of the current available fluorescence detection scheme. The microfluidic flow-through EC-PCR microdevice was fabricated with the state-of-the-art microfabrication technology, by bonding a bottom glass substrate having a microelectrode array to a top glass cover having the microchannels made of PDMS material. Both the amplification of the target DNA sequence and the subsequent EC detection of the PCR products were carried out concurrently on the integrated device by real-time monitoring. The underlying principle of the microfluidic flow-through EC-PCR method was based on the changes of current signal of methylene blue (MB), which worked as an electrochemically active species DNA intercalator in the PCR mixture, during the amplification process at the extension phase. The results shown in this work indicated that the nucleic acid analysis could be performed in a fast thermal cycling and true real-time quantitative electrochemical detection. The signal variation trends of the EC detection and the fluorescence detection were the same in our verification measurements for both methods, which suggested that the EC detection method was feasible for this application.
Improved rubidium atomic beam clock based on lamp-pumping and fluorescence-detection scheme
