Civil Rights and Civic Health: African American Women's Public Health Work in Early Twentieth-Century Atlanta

NWSA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Sarah Judson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Behind Enemy Lines with No Beachhead

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald K. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
American Leader

This chapter examines the changing political awareness of Shepard after he became president of NCC. Moreover, this chapter evaluates Shepard’s role in the early civil rights movement in the Durham, North Carolina, area and how he was affected by the outcome of many protests that took place. Most important, this section tackles the idea of a “conservative” African American leader, such as a Booker T. Washington during the early twentieth century.

Black Samson and Labor Movements

Black Samson ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Nyasha Junior ◽  
Jeremy Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Civil Rights Era ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

The strained relationship of African Americans and organized labor generated a wide variety of opinions among African American writers in the early twentieth century. Some saw organized labor as a threat to African American social and economic progress while others saw socialism and communism as a vehicle for it. In this chapter, we track developments in the use of Samson imagery by African American writers who examined the complex and often contentious relationship between African Americans, labor movements, and the Communist Party from the early twentieth century through the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Depression, and toward the Civil Rights Era.

Better Baby Contests at the CNE: Spectacles of Public Health, Hygiene, and Nationhood in Early-Twentieth Century Toronto

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Allison Leadley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Pendant près d’un demi-siècle, les concours du meilleur bébé constituaient l’une des attractions les plus populaires à l’Exposition nationale canadienne (CNE), une fête foraine annuelle à Toronto. Dans le cadre de ces concours, un panel de juges de la région (des médecins, généralement) attribuait des points aux bébés en fonction de catégories liées à « l’apparence saine, la beauté, les méthodes d’alimentation, l’absence de défauts physiques, la propreté, la tenue vestimentaire soignée et la proportion quant à la taille et le poids » avant d’attribuer le grand prix convoité. Tout comme d’autres sites de culture d’exposition, les concours du meilleur bébé misaient sur les pulsions scopophiliques du public et constituaient un mélange complexe de spectacle et d’édification. S’appuyant à la fois sur des études sur les concours de bébés et la culture d’exposition et sur une synthèse de la couverture médiatique des concours qui avaient lieu au CNE au début du vingtième siècle, Allison Leadley fait valoir que ces événements étaient emblématiques de la culture d’exposition dans leurs qualités formelles et stylistiques, mais aussi dans le travail performatif qu’ils mettaient en œuvre : la création, la promulgation et le maintien de nouvelles visions de la « normalité » façonnées par le domaine en pleine expansion de l’eugénisme.

Contested Terrain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Weems
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Contested Terrain ◽  
Business Person

This chapter examines the “contested terrain” associated with the founding of Chicago’s Douglass National Bank in 1921. Anthony Overton, one of history’s most prominent African American entrepreneurs, is widely regarded as the founder of the second national bank organized by African Americans. Yet, the evidence indicates that this distinction should go to Pearl W. Chavers, a relatively obscure early twentieth-century black business person. The story of Anthony Overton’s ascent and P.W. Chavers’ descent in the Douglass National Bank’s administrative hierarchy reveals the power of money and influence. It also illuminates the nuances of both group and individual entrepreneur-based strategies for African American economic development.

’Garde ici et ’garde lá-bas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
The Core ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the history of the Creole accordion. Black Creoles in Louisiana have created their own, distinctive accordion music adapted from French, Native American, and African cultures. While Creole musicians in the early twentieth century were often hired for Cajun dances, where they played Cajun dance music, at their own gatherings they played a uniquely Creole repertoire that drew from the African American blues—a repertoire later developed by accordionists such Clifton Chenier and Boozoo Chavis. Zydeco, as this music eventually was labeled, has become a symbol of Louisiana Creole culture. It is argued that despite the pressure on modern zydeco bands to adapt to the demands of the music industry, the traditional accordion and rubboard remain the core instruments, and zydeco accordionists keep playing in a distinctively Creole style.

Department Stores and the Black Freedom Movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci Parker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Department Store ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Black Freedom Movement ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
Freedom Movement

In this book, Traci Parker examines the movement to racially integrate white-collar work and consumption in American department stores, and broadens our understanding of historical transformations in African American class and labor formation. Built on the goals, organization, and momentum of earlier struggles for justice, the department store movement channeled the power of store workers and consumers to promote black freedom in the mid-twentieth century. Sponsoring lunch counter sit-ins and protests in the 1950s and 1960s, and challenging discrimination in the courts in the 1970s, this movement ended in the early 1980s with the conclusion of the Sears, Roebuck, and Co. affirmative action cases and the transformation and consolidation of American department stores. In documenting the experiences of African American workers and consumers during this era, Parker highlights the department store as a key site for the inception of a modern black middle class, and demonstrates the ways that both work and consumption were battlegrounds for civil rights.

scholarly journals Swatting Flies for Health: Children and Tuberculosis in Early Twentieth-Century Montreal

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Minnett ◽  
Mary-Anne Poutanen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

Responding to an appeal by city physicians and health reformers to destroy a prodigious disease carrier, the housefly, the Montreal Daily Star launched an island-wide contest in July 1912, offering prizes to children who collected the most dead flies. Nearly a thousand children, largely from working-class families, participated in a three-week-long "Swat the Fly" competition. Engaging Montreal children in this contest underscores a popular idea at the time that the best way to improve public health and combat the ignorance of a generation was to arm a new one with knowledge. While historians recognize that children's participation in campaigns to promote public health measures was pivotal to their success, youngsters are often rendered as passive recipients of reformers' efforts. We argue the contrary: children were active agents in public health crusades both as consumers and as advocates.

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