Impact of Indias Export on Indian GDP after Liberalisation

Economic and political policy interventions were reflected on the economic development of the countries with respect to improving economic and social well-being of poor, market productivity and considerable growth rate in GDP. Specifically, in Indian context, these economic decisions have been a considerable influence on inclusive growth of the nation. It is evidence that India embarked on economic reforms in July, 1991, from the effect of a balance of payment crisis. The government initiated economic reforms basically is to provide an environment of sustainable growth and stability. Thereby the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) system has come to the picture for economic progress of the country. Thepresent study investigates the linkage between foreign trade trends of India and its economic development in the light of economic reforms in India since 25 years (1991-2016). The outcomes of the study strongly support that there is a causal relationship between exports to GDP and GDP to exports and also causality between imports to exports in India.

Patrilocality and Child Sex Ratios in India

In multi-level and multi-layered foundations of gendered approaches for understanding the kinship system, son preferences, and male-skewed child sex ratios in India; patriarchy, and patrilineality have received greater attention than patrilocality. To fill this gap, in this study, we construct a measure of patrilocality and examine its association with skewed child sex ratios. We hypothesize that households practice sex selection and daughter discrimination because of patrilocal norms that dictate the later life co-residence between parents and sons. Our findings reveal that the child sex ratio, the sex ratio at birth, and the sex ratio at last birth are positively correlated with the patrilocality rates across states and districts of India. The relationship holds across the multiple robustness checks. Findings, although not surprising, emerge from the robust empirical analyses at a time when child sex ratios continue to worsen in India, notwithstanding the country’s socio-economic progress. We conclude that in the absence of strong social security measures and lack of preference for old-age homes amidst the accepted practice of patrilocality coupled with increasing lower fertility norms, the dependency on sons will continue and further lead to the continuation of sex selection in India.

The Effects of Taxation on Economic Development: the Moderating Role of Tax Compliance Among SMEs

The amount of revenue collected often determines a country's economic growth and development. Taxes continue to be one of the most important constituents in managing nationwide income in emerging and developed nations. In this sense, tax evasion might have serious effects, especially because the global cost of non-compliance by taxpayers is quite significant. Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are the backbone of economies around the world, driving economic progress and growth, as well as innovation and wealth creation. The high incidence of tax non-compliance among SMEs, on the other hand, stymies the progress that SMEs are meant to bring to many nations. Thus, the study aim at assessing the effects of taxation on economic development with its moderating role of tax compliance. The descriptive research design with quantitative approach was employed. The population of the study consist is 10,000 SMEs operating in Kumasi currently with a sample size of 400 SMEs. The instrument for data collection in this study was questionnaire. The data that was collected was analysed using SPSS. The findings demonstrated that in formulating strategies to enhance voluntary compliance, it is crucial for the relevant authorities to be aware of, understand and appreciate taxation taxpayers’ compliance behaviour and the need to provide tax education services. The results indicated that tax compliance enhanced the effectiveness of taxation to impact on economic development. The moderating role of tax compliance in the relationship between taxation and economic development was low but positive.

Cross-Border Cooperation for Bilateral Trade, Travel, and Tourism

Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) is described as collaboration with neighbouring countries sharing land or sea borders to cooperate to reduce poverty and inequality among people, and improve living standards for sustainable development of the regions. European Union key objective has been CBC model where bordering countries in balanced partnership, have equal say in program decision-making process for sustainable development to meet common goals. The three factors essential for CBC clearly defined goals, promotion of political transparency, and promotion of connectivity and communication are correlated with the four levels of CBC implementation and public-private-partnerships. This chapter examines the challenge and significance of cross border cooperative relationship between India and Pakistan to disarm and have peace, for achieving 17 sustainable development goals in bordering conflict regions between the two countries for socio-economic progress and prosperity of the millions of people living in South Asia.

President's Page: Advancing sustainability in SEG

In 1987, the United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” In this framework, development is conceived as an integrated approach to elevate the quality of life by raising economic progress with environmental protection considerations. This vision evolved into the formulation in 2015 of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to mitigate the hazards of climate change and to contribute to the development of society in every aspect, establishing targets to be attained by 2030. As an example, SDG 13: Climate Action calls for initiatives to moderate climate change within development frameworks. SDG 14: Life Below Water and SDG 15: Life on Land also call for more sustainable practices in using the earth's natural resources. The world is not making progress against the SDGs fast enough to achieve all the goals within the established timeline, yet with international agreements and specific actions, the success rate is growing incrementally.

A Comparative Study of Indias Foreign Trade in Pre and Post Reform Era

Foreign trade has been playing a vital role in the economic progress and prosperity of every country.In modern days foreign trade has assumed an immense prominence and substance for economic development of a country because of interdependence of economies, increasing specialization and joining regional cooperation. In 1991, the major program of economic reform were introduced which emphasize on external sector wherein the protective tariffs were decreased, changes into foreigninvestment and the restrictive import licensing system was relaxed and simplified. After the New economic reforms, India’s foreign trade has undergone substantial changes, volume of trade rose up and composition of trade was also frequently changed. The main objective of the paper is to study the trends of India’s foreign trade pre and post new economic reforms in India. The entire data for the present study is collected from the secondary sources. The collected data has been analyzed by using Paired t-test from SPSS software package and graphs. The findings of this paper said that there is positive relationship between economic reforms and India’s foreign trade. A push has been given to theexports but analyzes says that the increasing rate of imports is higher in comparison to the increasing rate of exports. Keywords: Foreign Trade, New Economic Reforms, Exports, Imports, Growth Rate.

„Jutro należy do kotów”. Problemy (eco) science fiction w powieści Bernarda Werbera

Why tomorrow should not belong to humans, but to another species? Science fiction seems to answer this question with alarmingly accurate arguments. SF texts often seem like prophecies that predict the future. We most willingly accept visions in which man is the author of innovative technologies as well as cultural and economic progress. What if this development is not ascribed to the human race, but for example: to monkeys or cats? The classic repertoire of science fiction heroes, apart from humans, includes robots, cyborgs, androids or newcomers from another planet (aliens). Their humanoid character — anthropomorphic features of appearance, behavior, development of the species in the form of created (or mid creation) civilization and culture — is designed to break the anthropocentric view of man. The function of the Other in science fiction can, however, be taken over by a creature much closer and longer known to man than a newcomer from a foreign planet or a creature of highly developed technology — an animal. The essay is an attempt to analyze Bernard Werber’s novel Tomorrow the cats from the perspective of general science fiction and ecofiction issues. At the same time, the issue of species chauvinism and the ways in which it manifests itself in literature are discussed.

INTERACTION – CATEGORY OF DYNAMIC CHANGES IN MODERN LIBRARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF UKRAINE

Actualization of the task of successful realization of the important social mission in the conditions of aggravation of a competition and digitalization motivates domestic libraries to establishment and strengthening of interaction in general. The purpose of the article is to represent interaction as a defining category of effective transformations and dynamic changes in modern domestic library science and practice. The methodology research consists in the application of general scientific and special methods, namely: analysis, synthesis and generalization, as well as comparative-historical, retrospective, problem-chronological methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the expansion of ideas about the importance of interaction for the development of the library and information sphere of the state. The analysis carried out in the article allows to state: multifunctional library interaction as a defining category of effective transformations and dynamic changes in modern domestic library science and practice is: 1) is an integral part of information and communication activities and is carried out on the principles of independence, equality and mutual benefit; 2) the optimal way to form a dialogic communicative paradigm for the development of world cultures and civilization in general for the sake of political stability and economic progress; 3) the key to the competitiveness of the library business of Ukraine, as a center of access to a much larger universe of knowledge in a global information environment; 4) an effective and promising tool for the implementation of the strategic task of integration into the world scientific, educational and cultural space of national culture and science; 5) the tested mechanism of mutual enrichment with social experience and affirmation of universal values.

The Expansion of Lignocellulose Biomass Conversion Into Bioenergy via Nanobiotechnology

Lignocellulosic biomass has arisen as a solution to our energy and environmental challenges because it is rich in feedstock that can be converted to biofuels. Converting lignocellulosic biomass to sugar is a complicated system involved in the bioconversion process. There are indeed a variety of techniques that have been utilized in the bioconversion process consisting of physical, chemical, and biological approaches. However, most of them have drawbacks when used on a large scale, which include the high cost of processing, the development of harmful inhibitors, and the detoxification of the inhibitors that have been produced. These constraints, taken together, hinder the effectiveness of current solutions and demand for the invention of a new, productive, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable technique for LB processing. In this context, the approach of nanotechnology utilizing various nanomaterials and nanoparticles in treating lignocellulose biomass and bioenergy conversion has achieved increased interest and has been explored greatly in recent times. This mini review delves into the application of nanotechnological techniques in the bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass into bioenergy. This review on nanotechnological application in biomass conversion provides insights and development tools for the expansion of new sectors, resulting in excellent value and productivity, contributing to the long-term economic progress.