The minimum age of criminal responsibility, international variation, and the Dual Systems Model in neurodevelopment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Anthony L Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Minimum Age

The Relevance of the Dual Systems Model for Social Learning Theory: Testing for Moderation Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110179
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Relationship

Social learning theory is one of the most prominent criminological theories of the 20th century. The dual systems model represents an emerging framework in recent years, which may help to better understand how social learning processes are influenced by sensation-seeking and impulse control. This study utilized data from all waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. A series of mixed-effects models were utilized to test for moderating effects of these constructs on offending outcomes. Impulse control moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and offending frequency, indicating that high levels of both constructs predicted increased offending frequency. Sensation-seeking moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and odds of offending, indicating that high levels of both constructs were associated with greater odds of offending although this moderation effect was only marginally significant.

scholarly journals Gendered Justice: Inequalities in the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in Iran

Youth Justice ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147322542110228
Author(s):  
Jo Staines ◽  
Nadia Aghtaie ◽  
Jessica Roy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
The United Nations

Using the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) in Iran as an illustration, this article explores the continued resistance against girls’ rights in some Islamic countries. The gendered construction of childhood in Iran has resulted in a differential MACR, which for boys is notably higher than that recommended by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, yet for girls is unacceptably low. While breaches of girls’ rights in other areas are defended on the grounds of paternalistic concerns, it is argued that the MACR is a religious-politico decision that, in Iran, upholds the rights of boys but denies the rights of girls, propagating their wider subjugation.

scholarly journals Self-control of criminals from a dual-systems model perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Yi LIU ◽  
Junqi WANG ◽  
Xinjia WU
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Systems Model

scholarly journals Self-Control in Cyberspace: Applying Dual Systems Theory to Digital Self-Control Tools

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Lyngs ◽  
Kai Lukoff ◽  
Petr Slovak ◽  
Reuben Binns ◽  
Adam Slack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Google Play

Many people struggle to control their use of digital devices. However, our understanding of the design mechanisms that support user self-control remains limited. In this paper, we make two contributions to HCI research in this space: first, we analyse 367 apps and browser extensions from the Google Play, Chrome Web, and Apple App stores to identify common core design features and intervention strategies afforded by current tools for digital self-control. Second, we adapt and apply an integrative dual systems model of self-regulation as a framework for organising and evaluating the design features found. Our analysis aims to help the design of better tools in two ways: (i) by identifying how, through a well-established model of self-regulation, current tools overlap and differ in how they support self-control; and (ii) by using the model to reveal underexplored cognitive mechanisms that could aid the design of new tools.

International cities in the dual systems model: the transformations of Los Angeles and Washington

Urban History ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Carl Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
World City ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Characteristic Product

The popularization of ‘World City’ as an analytical concept dates to 1966. Taking up a term introduced fifty years earlier by Patrick Geddes, Peter Hall's now classic description ofThe World Citiesexplored the evolution of a handful of key urban areas from national into global roles and functions. The original emphasis on size and comprehensive economic functins has since been extended by the argument that a distinct class of global cities are a characteristic product of the technologies and economy of the late twentieth century. As well, such cities are thought to embrace common spatial forms that respond to a specific balance of centralizing and decentralizing tendencies in the location of commercial, financial, and manufacturing industries.

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