The Relevance of the Dual Systems Model for Social Learning Theory: Testing for Moderation Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110179
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Peer Association ◽  
The Relationship

Social learning theory is one of the most prominent criminological theories of the 20th century. The dual systems model represents an emerging framework in recent years, which may help to better understand how social learning processes are influenced by sensation-seeking and impulse control. This study utilized data from all waves of the Pathways to Desistance study. A series of mixed-effects models were utilized to test for moderating effects of these constructs on offending outcomes. Impulse control moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and offending frequency, indicating that high levels of both constructs predicted increased offending frequency. Sensation-seeking moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and odds of offending, indicating that high levels of both constructs were associated with greater odds of offending although this moderation effect was only marginally significant.

A Social Learning Perspective on the Trickle-Down of Psychological Empowerment from Supervisor to Subordinate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Grützmacher ◽  
Carsten C. Schermuly
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trickle Down

Abstract. Because of its relevance for organizations and their employees, psychological empowerment (PE) has received a great deal of attention in research and practice. Supervisors play an important role in the promotion of subordinates’ PE. In the present article, and on the basis of social learning theory, we examine how the supervisor’s perceived and self-reported PE influence the subordinate’s PE. The results of two multi-wave studies involving more than 1,000 participants suggest that the supervisor’s perceived PE can predict the subordinate’s PE. The supervisor’s self-reported PE did not affect the subordinate’s PE: PE does not seem to trickle down from supervisor to subordinate. The relationship between the supervisor’s perceived PE and the subordinate’s PE was stronger when trust in the supervisor was higher. Supervisors who want to promote subordinates’ PE through modeling should therefore ensure that they are perceived as psychologically empowered and invest in relationships of trust with their subordinates.

The relation of perceived situation similarity to perceived behavior similarity: Implications for social learning theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz M. Champagne ◽  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Reliability ◽  
Perceived Behavior

A number of theories suggest that people behave similarly in similar situations. Social learning theory in particular suggests that people behave similarly in situations perceived to be similar in their pattern of reinforcement contingencies. This study used two measures of perception of behavior similarity and three measures of perception of situation similarity for 20 situations chosen by each of II female subjects as beingss characteristic of her current life. Measures of perceived behavior similarity included paired comparison judgments and analyses of similarity of ratings of behavior probabilities. Measures of perceived situation similarity included paired comparison judgments and analyses of similarity of ratings of outcome or reinforcement contingencies for the specified behaviors, including both internal and external reinforcers. In addition, reliability estimates were obtained on some tasks. Results indicated the following: (1) Generally there was a statistically significant relationship between measures of perceived situation similarity and measures of perceived behavior similarity. The magnitude of the relationship varied considerably from subject to subject. (2) Measures of the same variables did not show better agreement with one another than they did with measures of the different variables, despite evidence of adequate reliability. The data suggested general support for social learning theory but also evidence that factors other than perceived reinforcers in the situation influence how situations are perceived and how people behave in them.

Leading others to go beyond the call of duty

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Sendjaya ◽  
Nathan Eva ◽  
Mulyadi Robin ◽  
Lyfie Sugianto ◽  
Ivan ButarButar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Interest in servant leadership has grown exponentially over the past decade as evident in the surge of academic- and practitioner-oriented publications on the subject. While prior research has shown that servant leadership leads to citizenship behavior, no study has explored the ethical pathway as the underlying influence process despite the fact that servant leadership is an ethical approach to leadership. On the basis of social learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine psychological ethical climate as a key mediator between servant leadership and citizenship behavior. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 123 leader–follower dyads from eight high-performing firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings The results showed that the relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) (both for OCBI and OCBO) is mediated by psychological ethical climate. Practical implications This study demonstrates the value of using a servant leadership approach in order to foster a psychological ethical climate and increase OCBs. As such, the authors highlight the importance of a systematic approach to develop servant leaders in organizations. Originality/value This research contributes to the understanding of the ethical mechanism that explains the relationship between servant leadership and follower outcomes. Drawing on social learning theory, the findings show that servant leaders are ethical climate architects through their role modeling behaviors and interactions with followers.

scholarly journals On Imbalance of Impulse Control and Sensation Seeking and Adolescent Risk: An Intra-individual Developmental Test of the Dual Systems and Maturational Imbalance Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Meeus ◽  
Wilma Vollebergh ◽  
Susan Branje ◽  
Elisabetta Crocetti ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Age Range

AbstractHeterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking has not been studied until now. The present study scrutinized this heterogeneity and the link between imbalance and adolescent risk. Seven-wave data of 7,558 youth (50.71% males; age range from 12/13 until 24/25) were used. Three developmental trajectories were identified. The first trajectory, “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking”, included participants with a higher level of sensation seeking than impulse control across all ages. The second trajectory, “moderate dominant control”, included participants showing moderate and increasing impulse control relative to sensation seeking across all ages. The third trajectory, “strong late dominant control”, included participants showing the highest level of impulse control which was about as strong as sensation seeking from early to middle adolescence and became substantially stronger from late adolescence to early adulthood. Although the systematic increase of impulse control in all subgroups is in line with both models, neither of these combined trajectories of control and sensation seeking was predicted by the Dual Systems Model or the Maturational Imbalance Model. Consistent with both models the “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking” trajectory showed the highest level of substance use. It can be concluded that, even though both theories adequately predict the link between imbalance and risk, neither the Dual Systems Model nor the Maturational Imbalance Model correctly predict the heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking.

scholarly journals Could Bad Soldiers Turn Out as Good Citizens?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Noor Liza Adnan ◽  
Che Zuriana Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Nor Azila Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Dysfunctional Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The issue of dysfunctional behavior (DBE) in an organization has been discussed by many. For years, those who commit DBE have always been negatively regarded and frequently perceived as bad apples affecting the whole barrel. However, recently, a new stream of research has tried to look at the possibility that employees who act in dysfunctional manner are not altogether bad. Researchers discovered that these employees might even attempt citizenship behaviors (OCB) hoping that it will assuage their guilt, restore justice, or remedy the situation. Hence this concept paper will discuss this possib ility in the context of DBE occurred in pe rformance measurement system (PMS) so as to determine if there is a relationship between these two semantically opposite behaviors. In addition, as individuals may vary in attitudes and values regarding the relationship with others, a personal construct of psychological collectivism (PCO) is proposed to moderate the DBEOCB relationship. Based on reviews of extant literature, the article first elaborates the DBE in the context of PMS before proceeding to the OCB. Propositions on the DBE-OCB relationship as moderated by PCO will be discussed based on social learning theory (SLT). Practical implications will also be discussed.

scholarly journals The Deakin 'Students Helping Students' and 'Students as Partners' collection: A contemporary take on the classic cut

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Lynn Milburn ◽  
Dawn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Fashion metaphors are used to explore the relationship between Deakin’s ‘Students Helping Students’ strategy and its emerging ‘Students as Partners’ initiative. As the curtain is raised, the current ‘tertiary trend’ of Students as Partners is seen through a global lens. The Deakin Students Helping Students and Students as Partners collection is then paraded across the runway, at once unveiling savvy design and high-quality workmanship. A key feature of both Deakin’s Students Helping Students and Students as Partners models is that they are expressions of a community of practice approach and of social learning theory, with some variations in texture and palette. This ‘Absolutely Fabulous’ show concludes that while both looks are based on a timeless, ‘classic cut’ approach to education that engages both students and staff, each trend adds colour, interest and appeal. Fashions in education are sometimes fleeting, sometimes fun, and they are sure to invigorate, refresh and challenge.

Understanding How Cumulative Victimization Predicts Future Victimization Risk: Relevance of Cognitive Versus Social Mediation

2021 ◽  
pp. 073401682110157
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Victimization Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peer Association

Cumulative victimization represents the summation of victimization experiences across multiple contexts, with greater accumulation generally predicting greater dysfunction than less accumulation of exposures. Past research has indicated that cumulative victimization predicts increased risk for future revictimization also. The dual systems model may help to understand this relationship. This framework comprises constructs of sensation-seeking and impulse control in developmental context. Deviant peer association may provide a social factor that helps to understand this relationship. Victimization has been found to influence all of these constructs identified here. It is predicted that increased accumulation of victimization experiences may drive variation in these constructs that results in elevated risk for revictimization. This study sought to test the theory that each of these three constructs independently mediated the cumulative victimization–revictimization relationship. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. This sample was comprised of 1,354 juvenile offenders followed for 7 years after a recent adjudication prior to baseline measurements. The first three waves of data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for the relationships of interest. A bootstrapping process of computing standard errors was carried out to determine significance of mediation effects. Results indicated that increased cumulative victimization scores at baseline predicted increased probability of experiencing victimization at Wave 3. This relationship was attenuated by about 15% when all mediators were added to the model and the relationship remained significant. Further analyses indicated that the specific indirect effect running through deviant peer association was significant, as was the total indirect effect. Findings indicate that increases in cumulative victimization may result in increased affiliation with deviant peers that further increases their future victimization risk. Service providers for survivors of violence should focus on screening of social relationships of those they provide care for in order to assess safety concerns.

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