Designing IDE Interventions to Promote Social Interaction and Improved Programming Outcomes in Early Computing Courses

As in other STEM disciplines, early computing courses tend to stress individual assignments and discourage collaboration. This can lead to negative learning experiences that compel some students to give up. According to social learning theory, one way to improve students’ learning experiences is to help them form and participate actively in vibrant social learning communities. Building on social learning theory, we have designed a set of software interventions (scaffolds and prompts) that leverage automatically collected learning process data to promote increased social interactions and better learning outcomes in individual programming assignments, which are a key component of early undergraduate computing courses. In an empirical study, we found that students’ interaction with the interventions was correlated with increased social activity, improved attitudes toward peer learning, more closely coupled social networks, and higher performance on programming assignments. Our work contributes a theoretically motivated technological design for social programming interventions; an understanding of computing students’ willingness to interact with the interventions; and insights into how students’ interactions with the interventions are associated with their social behaviors, attitudes, connectedness with others in the class, and their course outcomes.

Psychological theories of aggression

This paper aimed to provide a short exposition of the main theories of aggression. The choice of the theories reflected, in part, the historical progression and rising complexity of the theories over time. A brief overview of the following theoretical perspectives on aggression was presented: Freud’s psychoanalytic theory; Lorenz’s ethological theory; Behaviorist theory; Frustration-aggression hypothesis; Cognitive neo-association theory; and Social learning theory. These theories are representatives of the traditional perspective, which posits that by piecing together fragments of data gained through research, we arrive at the truth about aggression. A radically different perspective was offered through the constructivist perspective, which argues that any theory is just one way of organizing the data. Drawing from personal construct theory, a different psychological perspective on aggression was proposed.

Audience Study as Catalyst in Sustainable Nollywood Yoruba Film Industry

Nollywood is the representation of the socio-cultural apparatus of Nigeria in the world cinema. Tis paper evaluates generally, film audience’s perspective in Nollywood films, and in particular non-native actors in native films. Most often, stakeholders in the film industry do not access, or are flagrantly ignorant of viewer’s feedback on the state of their production in all media of communication. Some determine this with the profit margins. Tis paper therefore evaluates the audience’s perception of non-native actors in Nollywood Yoruba native films. The area of concentration is on the quality of audience reception on native films by non-native actors. Cluster sample method is the tool of research for this paper, in which questionnaire samples were distributed among film viewers in the Yoruba speaking area in Nigeria. This is done in order to determine the performance ratings of non-Yoruba native actor’s skill of character interpretation in cultured films. Theoretical framework is anchored on Bandura’s Social Learning theory, which concentrates on impact of artistic models on the audience’s psyche. Findings reveal that audience ratings of non-native actors in Yoruba cultured films is poor, compared with their characterization in non-native setting, and this is due to wrong casting by directors who cast them against all odds in order to improve their profit margin. Findings also reveal the importance of audience study as a necessity in pre-production considerations of film shooting.

상사의 윤리적 리더십이 부하의 소명의식에 미치는 영향

현재까지 소명의식은 직무 및 삶 영역에서 긍정적인 결과를 예측하는 안정적이고 선험적인 심리적 기제로서 연구되어왔기 때문에, 후천적 관점에서 소명의식을 예측하는 심리․사회적 변인에 대한 추가 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 소명의식을 증진시킬 수 있는 요인을 밝히고, 변인 간 영향 관계를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 사회학습 이론(Social learning theory)을 기반으로 상사의 윤리적 리더십이 부하의 소명의식에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 리더 동일시와 도덕적 정체성의 순차적 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 해군 장병 324명을 대상으로 윤리적 리더십 척도, 리더 동일시 척도, 도덕적 정체성 척도, 소명의식 척도를 활용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 윤리적 리더십, 리더 동일시, 도덕적 정체성, 소명의식 간 상호 유의한 상관관계를 확인하였다. 둘째, 윤리적 리더십은 소명의식에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 윤리적 리더십은 부하의 리더 동일시를 매개하여 도덕적 정체성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 도덕적 정체성은 소명의식에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 윤리적 리더십이 소명의식에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 부하의 리더 동일시와 도덕적 정체성의 순차적 매개효과가 검증되었다. 이러한 결과는 부하가 리더를 윤리적으로 인식할수록 리더를 동일시하는 학습 과정을 통해 도덕적 정체성을 내재화하며, 이를 통해 직업에 대한 소명의식을 함양할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 이론 및 실무적 시사점, 한계점과 후속 연구의 필요성에 관하여 논의하였다.

A Demographic Study on the Purchase Pattern of Consumers with respect to Social Learning Theory during COVID-19 times

Shopping is a necessity in everyone’s life. Mostly shopping is need based and sometimes it is a leisure activity in the form of entertainment. However when the condition leads to extreme buying situation resulting into destructive and harmful activity, then this is the result of Compulsive Buying Behaviour (CBB). While studying the consumer buying behaviour and process, the external stimuli is not the sufficient reason, to generate a response, rather the consumers’ characteristics significantly influence the way they perceive the stimuli, utilize their internal processes and result in a specific buying behaviour. Hull (1951) developed a model as a behavioural model to explain the social learning theory: Stimulus – Response Model (S – R Model). Few of psychologist and marketing researchers tried to find out the characteristics of consumers within “black box” and analyze the impact of both factors to determine specific buying behaviour. In this research project we have tried to analyse Social Learning Theory with respect to the purchase pattern of the consumer in Kolkataduring the COVID-19 Pandemic. The respondents are mostly the parents who are influenced by their children to exert Compulsive Buying Behaviour. The collected responses will be analysed using one way ANOVA to find out which of the factors significantly influence purchase behaviour. The findings of the study will help the organisation to decide their marketing strategies.

Practical Curriculum Approach

For decades, the achievement gap between low-income Black males and other groups is sufficiently documented and persists. This study calls for a new practical curriculum approach that provides the necessary conditions for how low-income Black males learn, stay engaged, and assist in building the capacity for positive self-efficacy. The significance of this curriculum approach would be improving academic achievement among the group, closing the gap, and facilitate long-term socioeconomic sustainability for the group that is most likely vulnerable to systemic barriers and prejudices. Through a qualitative approach and a historical design, the findings developed a curriculum approach grounded in Social Learning Theory, Human Capital Theory, and Career development Theory. The theoretical framework embodies and incorporates the practical approach found in ( Yusuf & Nabeshima, 2012 ) and ( Lee & Fredriksen, 2008 ) and could improve academic achievement among the group.

Campaign for Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors on Anxiety Levels and Compliance with Clean and Healthy Living During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research concerns the health communication campaign for Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS) during the Covid-19 pandemic among students of the graduate school of the University of Mercu Buana. This research found that the social learning theory proves effective in the campaign which leads to a change in society’s behaviour. The theory used in this research is Albert Bandura's social learning theory. This research used positivistic paradigm. The method used in this research is a survey explanatory method and quantitative approach. The population is students of the graduate school at the University of Mercu Buana Jakarta. The sampling is conducted using purposive sampling techniques to 100 respondents, with a sampling error of 5%. The technique of data analysis used in this research is simple regression analysis. The result shows that PHBS Campaign has no significant effect on Anxiety Level. PHBS Campaign has a significant effect on Compliance Level. Anxiety Level has no significant effect on Compliance Level. PHBS Campaign has no significant effect on Compliance Level through Anxiety Level.

Perceived social trust among educational counselors

Research title: Social trust among educational counselors. The current research aims to identify: The perceived social trust of educational counselors. 1- Statistically significant differences in the perceived social trust of educational counselors according to gender (males, females), length of service (1-5, 6-10, 11 and more) and school (primary, intermediate, preparatory( . To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on the following: 1- Using the descriptive associative approach to reveal the perceived social trust of educational counselors. 2- Perceived social trust scale based on Rotter’s social learning theory. In its final form, the scale consisted of (36) items after completing the conditions of honesty, stability, discriminatory strength, and internal consistency, which were divided into three areas (predictability, reliability and belief( . To complement this, the researcher applied the scale to a sample of (300) male and female guides in the schools of the center, districts and sub-districts of the General Directorate of Al-Qadisiyah Education, which were selected by the stratified random method according to the proportional method. After collecting the data and processing it statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the research reached the following results: A - The educational counselors have a perceived social confidence that is statistically significant. B - There are no statistically significant differences in the perceived social confidence of educational counselors according to the gender variable (males, females.( C- There are statistically significant differences in the perceived social confidence of educational counselors according to the variable length of service (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11 years and more), as the results showed that educational counselors whose service exceeds (11 years) have confidence Perceived social is more than the rest of the counselors, followed by the educational counselors with (5-10 years) and finally the educational counselors with the service (1-5 years). This indicates that the level of perceived social trust increases with the increase in the level of service. And to complement the findings of the research, the researcher recommended several recommendations and suggestions

Exploring the instrumental and reactive violence dichotomy in the offences of violent psychopaths

<p>In the literature acts of violence are often divided into two dichotomous subtypes: instrumental and reactive violence. The two types of violence are considered to be underpinned by different theoretical paradigms, social learning theory and frustration aggression. This division, although widely criticised and lacking conceptual clarity, appears to be generally accepted in scientific literature. This exploratory study used multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis to see how violence characteristics co-occur in the offences of seriously violent psychopathic offenders; and whether the co-occurrence of offence variables could be explained by the instrumental and reactive dichotomy. The study also explored whether instrumental and reactive violence characteristics differentiate primary and secondary variants of psychopathy, with the hypotheses that primary psychopaths would show more instrumental features in their violence and secondary psychopaths show more reactive features. Findings show that violence characteristics do no co-occur as a mutually exclusive dichotomy and that rather, many violent acts have mix of reactive and instrumental characteristics, reflecting a dimensional rather than a dichotomous structure. This in turn suggests that act specific theories may not be necessary to describe different types of violence. Contrary to prediction, psychopathic subtypes did not differ on violence characteristics.</p>