Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Ontario and poses a high burden among many Indigenous populations. There are two aims for this short communication: (1) highlight colorectal risk factor findings from a population-based case-control study, (2) highlight trends and challenges of colorectal cancer research among Indigenous populations in Ontario.Methods: Prevalence of cigarette smoking, obesity, diet and family history of colorectal cancer were estimated using the Indigenous identifier in the Ontario Familial Colon Cancer Registry (OFCCR) from 1999-2007 and then compared using age-adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) between cases and controls.Results: There were 66 Indigenous cases and 23 Indigenous controls. Cigarette smoking and obesity were higher in cases, but not statistically significant.Discussion and Conclusions: Findings were consistent with previous literature among Indigenous populations. Colorectal cancer risk factor and screening uptake information is limited among Indigenous populations; however, self-reported screening data suggest low colorectal screening uptake. Small sample size and poor Indigenous identification questions make it challenging to comprehensively understand cancer risk factors and burden in these populations.