scholarly journals Ocean Affects from Severe Weather Systems in Coastal Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
World Record ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Severe weather systems can generate large waves and storm surges which can cause many fatalities in coastal areas. In extreme circumstances a single cyclone caused up to 500,000 fatalities in the Bay of Bengal in 1970. Adaption by authorities in that region from evacuations and construction of storm shelters have significantly reduced the number of such fatalities there. The effects of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 in New York City and surrounding areas is examined to show how ocean effects can cause many casualties. Scrutiny of a European storm shows how a slight error in analysis can fail to detect a deadly increase in intensity which caused many fatalities. World record wave height events are examined, and the historical Australian east coast events are investigated. The impacts from long period waves emanating from distant storms are shown to be a forecasting problem.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. 11861-11866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra J. Garner ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Kerry A. Emanuel ◽  
Robert E. Kopp ◽  
Ning Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
York City ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Tidal Level

The flood hazard in New York City depends on both storm surges and rising sea levels. We combine modeled storm surges with probabilistic sea-level rise projections to assess future coastal inundation in New York City from the preindustrial era through 2300 CE. The storm surges are derived from large sets of synthetic tropical cyclones, downscaled from RCP8.5 simulations from three CMIP5 models. The sea-level rise projections account for potential partial collapse of the Antarctic ice sheet in assessing future coastal inundation. CMIP5 models indicate that there will be minimal change in storm-surge heights from 2010 to 2100 or 2300, because the predicted strengthening of the strongest storms will be compensated by storm tracks moving offshore at the latitude of New York City. However, projected sea-level rise causes overall flood heights associated with tropical cyclones in New York City in coming centuries to increase greatly compared with preindustrial or modern flood heights. For the various sea-level rise scenarios we consider, the 1-in-500-y flood event increases from 3.4 m above mean tidal level during 1970–2005 to 4.0–5.1 m above mean tidal level by 2080–2100 and ranges from 5.0–15.4 m above mean tidal level by 2280–2300. Further, we find that the return period of a 2.25-m flood has decreased from ∼500 y before 1800 to ∼25 y during 1970–2005 and further decreases to ∼5 y by 2030–2045 in 95% of our simulations. The 2.25-m flood height is permanently exceeded by 2280–2300 for scenarios that include Antarctica’s potential partial collapse.

Hurricane Sandy, October 2012, New York City (USA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbra Mann Wall ◽  
Victoria LaMaina ◽  
Emma MacAllister
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Hurricane Sandy

Under Water, Actual Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Garodnick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
East River

This chapter talks about Hurricane Sandy, which charged toward the East Coast in the final days of October 2012. It emphasizes how residents of Peter Cooper Village and Stuyvesant Town were encouraged to shelter in place as the area was not officially in an evacuation zone, despite being only one hundred yards from the East River. It also recounts how Hurrican Sandy caused to shut off power and water to Stuy Town and Peter Cooper and about a quarter of New York City's homes and businesses. The chapter describes the traffic into Manhattan after the hurricane cane, which was so severe that the mayor announced restrictions on single-occupancy cars entering Manhattan. It highlights the severe damages residents saw as they slowly returned to the affected buildings, such as destroyed basements and unsightly recycling bins now located right in front of their front doors.

Adaptation to Future Risks in Coastal Megacities — New York City Case Study: Local Assessment and Survey Findings in Water Front Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegaard Link ◽  
Chris Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Front

Risk management regimes develop as stakeholders attempt to reduce vulnerability to hazards and limit the damage and disruption from disasters. Urban coastal regions are often hotspots of climate change-related risks. Analysis of different characteristics of vulnerability, resilience, and transformation is an important precursor to planning and decision making. While these concepts are not new, in many areas they remain very abstract. This paper offers a method to assess vulnerability at the individual household scale in different New York City water front neighborhoods that were extensively damaged during hurricane Sandy in 2012. Household Surveys were conducted in Red Hook, Brooklyn and Edgemere/Arverne, Queens in early 2016. Survey results suggest that at the household level, feelings of preparedness and trust in local government’s ability to effectively manage and respond to extreme weather differ with the varying political/economic climates of each neighborhood. Our survey results also indicate that residents are changing their emergency planning behavior, regardless of politics or economics. Responses show residents adapting their thinking to acknowledge the potential for increasing risk from extreme weather events in both locations studied.

Storm Surge Impact to Subterranean Areas by Hurricane Sandy, and Lessons for Japan’s Storm Surge Countermeasures

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Challender ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Hurricane Sandy caused critical damage to subterranean infrastructure in New York and also claimed 285 human lives across the Eastern Seaboard. The storm surge impact easily overwhelmed existing pumping systems, devastating power supply and paralyzing transport. Despite extensive preparations and pre-storm public information efforts, inundation and underground flooding caused causalities. The size of the disaster, sheer scope of damage and multifaceted response spanning the onset through to the recovery phase provides useful lessons for Japan, given its vulnerability to similar storm surges and flooding disasters, such as the Ise Bay Typhoon of 1959. Given this, a delegation composed of members of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Researchers from Japan’s Universities and Academic Societies working in disaster prevention conducted two surveys in 2013 and 2014. This involved hearing from emergency management officers in New York, Washington D.C and coastal communities about their experiences evacuating vulnerable residents and protecting critical infrastructure. The author of this paper was a member of both delegations. Based on fieldwork from these joint surveys and other materials, this paper outlines the scope of the damage that a storm of Sandy’s size was capable of inflicting, and looks at lessons applicable to Japan for preventing similar damage to infrastructure and human life in future storm surge events, and discusses how New York is attempting to become a more resilient city in preparation for the next flooding or storm surge disaster.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Spatial Modeling for Quantifying Networkwide Resilience in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irene and Sandy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2604 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Kun Xie ◽  
Kaan Ozbay ◽  
Fan Zuo ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
York City ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience

In recent years, the New York City metropolitan area was hit by two major hurricanes, Irene and Sandy. These extreme weather events disrupted and devastated the transportation infrastructure, including road and subway networks. As an extension of the authors’ recent research on this topic, this study explored the spatial patterns of infrastructure resilience in New York City with the use of taxi and subway ridership data. Neighborhood tabulation areas were used as the units of analysis. The recovery curve of each neighborhood tabulation area was modeled with the logistic function to quantify the resilience of road and subway systems. Moran's I tests confirmed the spatial correlation of recovery patterns for taxi and subway ridership. To account for this spatial correlation, citywide spatial models were estimated and found to outperform linear models. Factors such as the percentage of area influenced by storm surges, the distance to the coast, and the average elevation are found to affect the infrastructure resilience. The findings in this study provide insights into the vulnerability of transportation networks and can be used for more efficient emergency planning and management.

New York City Storm Surges: Climatology and an Analysis of the Wind and Cyclone Evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Colle ◽  
Katherine Rojowsky ◽  
Frank Buonaito
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
York City ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
High Water ◽  
Storm Tide ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Cyclone Tracking ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract A climatological description (“climatology”) of storm surges and actual flooding (storm tide) events from 1959 to 2007 is presented for the New York City (NYC) harbor. The prevailing meteorological conditions associated with these surges are also highlighted. Two surge thresholds of 0.6–1.0 m and >1.0 m were used at the Battery, New York (south side of Manhattan in NYC), to identify minor and moderate events, respectively. The minor-surge threshold combined with a tide at or above mean high water (MHW) favors a coastal flood advisory for NYC, and the moderate surge above MHW leads to a coastal flood warning. The number of minor surges has decreased gradually during the last several decades at NYC while the number of minor (storm tide) flooding events has increased slightly given the gradual rise in sea level. There were no moderate flooding events at the Battery from 1997 to 2007, which is the quietest period during the last 50 yr. However, if sea level rises 12–50 cm during the next century, the number of moderate flooding events is likely to increase exponentially. Using cyclone tracking and compositing of the NCEP global reanalysis (before 1979) and regional reanalysis (after 1978) data, the mean synoptic evolution was obtained for the NYC surge events. There are a variety of storm tracks associated with minor surges, whereas moderate surges favor a cyclone tracking northward along the East Coast. The average surface winds at NYC veer from northwesterly at 48 h before the time of maximum surge to a persistent period of east-northeasterlies beginning about 24 h before the surge. There is a relatively large variance in wind directions and speeds around the time of maximum surge, thus suggesting the importance of other factors (fetch, storm duration and track, etc.).

Immediate impact of hurricane sandy on people who inject drugs in New York city

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e72-e73
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Pouget ◽  
Milagros Sandoval ◽  
Georgios K. Nikolopoulos ◽  
Samuel R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Hurricane Sandy
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