Adaptation to Future Risks in Coastal Megacities — New York City Case Study: Local Assessment and Survey Findings in Water Front Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegaard Link ◽  
Chris Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Front

Risk management regimes develop as stakeholders attempt to reduce vulnerability to hazards and limit the damage and disruption from disasters. Urban coastal regions are often hotspots of climate change-related risks. Analysis of different characteristics of vulnerability, resilience, and transformation is an important precursor to planning and decision making. While these concepts are not new, in many areas they remain very abstract. This paper offers a method to assess vulnerability at the individual household scale in different New York City water front neighborhoods that were extensively damaged during hurricane Sandy in 2012. Household Surveys were conducted in Red Hook, Brooklyn and Edgemere/Arverne, Queens in early 2016. Survey results suggest that at the household level, feelings of preparedness and trust in local government’s ability to effectively manage and respond to extreme weather differ with the varying political/economic climates of each neighborhood. Our survey results also indicate that residents are changing their emergency planning behavior, regardless of politics or economics. Responses show residents adapting their thinking to acknowledge the potential for increasing risk from extreme weather events in both locations studied.

Hurricane Sandy, October 2012, New York City (USA)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbra Mann Wall ◽  
Victoria LaMaina ◽  
Emma MacAllister
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Hurricane Sandy

Effects of Charging Infrastructure and Non-Electric Taxi Competition on Electric Taxi Adoption Incentives in New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Jung ◽  
Joseph Y. J. Chow
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Average Revenue ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Queue Delay ◽  
Charging Stations

With major investments in electric taxis emerging around the world, there is a need to better understand resource allocation trade-offs in subsidizing electric vehicle taxis (e-taxis) and investing in electric charging infrastructure. This is addressed using simulation experiments conducted in New York City: 2016 taxi pickups/drop-offs, a Manhattan road network (16,782 nodes, 23,337 links), and 212 charging stations specified by a 2013 Taxi & Limousine Commission study. The simulation is based on a platform used to evaluate taxi operations in California and Seoul. Eleven scenarios are analyzed: a baseline of 7,000 non-electric taxis, five scenarios ranging from 1,000 e-taxis to 5,000 e-taxis, and another five scenarios in which the e-taxis have infinite chargers as an upper bound. The study finds that the number of charging locations recommended in the earlier study may be insufficient at some locations even under the 3,000+ e-taxi scenarios. More importantly, despite an average revenue of $260 per taxi for the 7,000 non-electric taxis and about $247 per taxi for electric taxis over the finite charger scenarios, the revenue gap between e-taxis and non-electric taxis in a mixed fleet increases significantly as the e-taxi share increases. This is because the increasing queue delay imposed on e-taxis gives non-electric taxis an increasing competitive advantage, raising their average revenue from $260 per taxi (1,000 e-taxis) up to $286 per taxi (5,000 e-taxis, 150% revenue gap increase), all other operating costs being equal. This has implications for individual versus whole-fleet policies, as the individual-oriented policies may be less effective.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Spatial Modeling for Quantifying Networkwide Resilience in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irene and Sandy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2604 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Kun Xie ◽  
Kaan Ozbay ◽  
Fan Zuo ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
York City ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience

In recent years, the New York City metropolitan area was hit by two major hurricanes, Irene and Sandy. These extreme weather events disrupted and devastated the transportation infrastructure, including road and subway networks. As an extension of the authors’ recent research on this topic, this study explored the spatial patterns of infrastructure resilience in New York City with the use of taxi and subway ridership data. Neighborhood tabulation areas were used as the units of analysis. The recovery curve of each neighborhood tabulation area was modeled with the logistic function to quantify the resilience of road and subway systems. Moran's I tests confirmed the spatial correlation of recovery patterns for taxi and subway ridership. To account for this spatial correlation, citywide spatial models were estimated and found to outperform linear models. Factors such as the percentage of area influenced by storm surges, the distance to the coast, and the average elevation are found to affect the infrastructure resilience. The findings in this study provide insights into the vulnerability of transportation networks and can be used for more efficient emergency planning and management.

Immediate impact of hurricane sandy on people who inject drugs in New York city

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e72-e73
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Pouget ◽  
Milagros Sandoval ◽  
Georgios K. Nikolopoulos ◽  
Samuel R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Hurricane Sandy

Learning Freedom: Education, Elevation, and New York's African-American Community, 1827–1829

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-645
Author(s):  
Michael Hines
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
African American Community ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
The Individual

Even though the black community of antebellum New York City lived in a society that marginalized them socially and economically, they were intent on pursuing the basic privileges of American citizenship. One tactic African Americans employed to this end was the tenacious pursuit of education, which leaders believed would act both as an aid in economic advancement and as a counterargument against the widely assumed social inferiority of their race. The weekly newspaper, Freedom's Journal, the first African American owned and operated newspaper in the United States, was an avid supporter of this strategy of social elevation through education. From 1827 to 1829, the paper's editors, John Russwurm and Samuel Cornish, used their platform to advertise for a range of schools, editorialize on the importance of learning, and draw connections between the enlightenment of the individual and the progress of the race.

scholarly journals The Storm Surge and Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling in New York City during Hurricane Sandy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Wang ◽  
Jon Loftis ◽  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
David Forrest ◽  
Joseph Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
York City ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Inundation Modeling

scholarly journals Wind disasters adaptation in cities in a changing climate: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248503
Author(s):  
Yue He ◽  
Boqun Wu ◽  
Pan He ◽  
Weiyi Gu ◽  
Beibei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Changing Climate

Wind-related disasters will bring more devastating consequences to cities in the future with a changing climate, but relevant studies have so far provided insufficient information to guide adaptation actions. This study aims to provide an in-depth elaboration of the contents discussed in open access literature regarding wind disaster adaptation in cities. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to refine topics and main contents based on 232 publications (1900 to 2019) extracted from Web of Science and Scopus. We conducted a full-text analysis to filter out focal cities along with their adaptation measures. The results show that wind disaster adaptation research in cities has formed a systematic framework in four aspects: 1) vulnerability and resilience of cities, 2) damage evaluation, 3) response and recovery, and 4) health impacts of wind disaster. Climate change is the background for many articles discussing vulnerability and adaptation in coastal areas. It is also embedded in damage evaluation since it has the potential to exacerbate disaster consequences. The literature is strongly inclined towards more developed cities such as New York City and New Orleans, among which New York City associated with Hurricane Sandy ranks first (38/232). Studies on New York City cover all the aspects, including the health impacts of wind disasters which are significantly less studied now. Distinct differences do exist in the number of measures regarding the adaptation categories and their subcategories. We also find that hard adaptation measures (i.e., structural and physical measures) are far more popular than soft adaptation measures (i.e., social and institutional measures). Our findings suggest that policymakers should pay more attention to cities that have experienced major wind disasters other than New York. They should embrace the up-to-date climate change study to defend short-term disasters and take precautions against long-term changes. They should also develop hard-soft hybrid adaptation measures, with special attention on the soft side, and enhance the health impact study of wind-related disasters.

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