scholarly journals Data-Driven Spatial Modeling for Quantifying Networkwide Resilience in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irene and Sandy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2604 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Kun Xie ◽  
Kaan Ozbay ◽  
Fan Zuo ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
York City ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience

In recent years, the New York City metropolitan area was hit by two major hurricanes, Irene and Sandy. These extreme weather events disrupted and devastated the transportation infrastructure, including road and subway networks. As an extension of the authors’ recent research on this topic, this study explored the spatial patterns of infrastructure resilience in New York City with the use of taxi and subway ridership data. Neighborhood tabulation areas were used as the units of analysis. The recovery curve of each neighborhood tabulation area was modeled with the logistic function to quantify the resilience of road and subway systems. Moran's I tests confirmed the spatial correlation of recovery patterns for taxi and subway ridership. To account for this spatial correlation, citywide spatial models were estimated and found to outperform linear models. Factors such as the percentage of area influenced by storm surges, the distance to the coast, and the average elevation are found to affect the infrastructure resilience. The findings in this study provide insights into the vulnerability of transportation networks and can be used for more efficient emergency planning and management.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. 11861-11866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra J. Garner ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Kerry A. Emanuel ◽  
Robert E. Kopp ◽  
Ning Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
York City ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Tidal Level

The flood hazard in New York City depends on both storm surges and rising sea levels. We combine modeled storm surges with probabilistic sea-level rise projections to assess future coastal inundation in New York City from the preindustrial era through 2300 CE. The storm surges are derived from large sets of synthetic tropical cyclones, downscaled from RCP8.5 simulations from three CMIP5 models. The sea-level rise projections account for potential partial collapse of the Antarctic ice sheet in assessing future coastal inundation. CMIP5 models indicate that there will be minimal change in storm-surge heights from 2010 to 2100 or 2300, because the predicted strengthening of the strongest storms will be compensated by storm tracks moving offshore at the latitude of New York City. However, projected sea-level rise causes overall flood heights associated with tropical cyclones in New York City in coming centuries to increase greatly compared with preindustrial or modern flood heights. For the various sea-level rise scenarios we consider, the 1-in-500-y flood event increases from 3.4 m above mean tidal level during 1970–2005 to 4.0–5.1 m above mean tidal level by 2080–2100 and ranges from 5.0–15.4 m above mean tidal level by 2280–2300. Further, we find that the return period of a 2.25-m flood has decreased from ∼500 y before 1800 to ∼25 y during 1970–2005 and further decreases to ∼5 y by 2030–2045 in 95% of our simulations. The 2.25-m flood height is permanently exceeded by 2280–2300 for scenarios that include Antarctica’s potential partial collapse.

Adaptation to Future Risks in Coastal Megacities — New York City Case Study: Local Assessment and Survey Findings in Water Front Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegaard Link ◽  
Chris Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Front

Risk management regimes develop as stakeholders attempt to reduce vulnerability to hazards and limit the damage and disruption from disasters. Urban coastal regions are often hotspots of climate change-related risks. Analysis of different characteristics of vulnerability, resilience, and transformation is an important precursor to planning and decision making. While these concepts are not new, in many areas they remain very abstract. This paper offers a method to assess vulnerability at the individual household scale in different New York City water front neighborhoods that were extensively damaged during hurricane Sandy in 2012. Household Surveys were conducted in Red Hook, Brooklyn and Edgemere/Arverne, Queens in early 2016. Survey results suggest that at the household level, feelings of preparedness and trust in local government’s ability to effectively manage and respond to extreme weather differ with the varying political/economic climates of each neighborhood. Our survey results also indicate that residents are changing their emergency planning behavior, regardless of politics or economics. Responses show residents adapting their thinking to acknowledge the potential for increasing risk from extreme weather events in both locations studied.

New York City Storm Surges: Climatology and an Analysis of the Wind and Cyclone Evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Colle ◽  
Katherine Rojowsky ◽  
Frank Buonaito
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
York City ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
High Water ◽  
Storm Tide ◽  
Coastal Flood ◽  
Cyclone Tracking ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract A climatological description (“climatology”) of storm surges and actual flooding (storm tide) events from 1959 to 2007 is presented for the New York City (NYC) harbor. The prevailing meteorological conditions associated with these surges are also highlighted. Two surge thresholds of 0.6–1.0 m and >1.0 m were used at the Battery, New York (south side of Manhattan in NYC), to identify minor and moderate events, respectively. The minor-surge threshold combined with a tide at or above mean high water (MHW) favors a coastal flood advisory for NYC, and the moderate surge above MHW leads to a coastal flood warning. The number of minor surges has decreased gradually during the last several decades at NYC while the number of minor (storm tide) flooding events has increased slightly given the gradual rise in sea level. There were no moderate flooding events at the Battery from 1997 to 2007, which is the quietest period during the last 50 yr. However, if sea level rises 12–50 cm during the next century, the number of moderate flooding events is likely to increase exponentially. Using cyclone tracking and compositing of the NCEP global reanalysis (before 1979) and regional reanalysis (after 1978) data, the mean synoptic evolution was obtained for the NYC surge events. There are a variety of storm tracks associated with minor surges, whereas moderate surges favor a cyclone tracking northward along the East Coast. The average surface winds at NYC veer from northwesterly at 48 h before the time of maximum surge to a persistent period of east-northeasterlies beginning about 24 h before the surge. There is a relatively large variance in wind directions and speeds around the time of maximum surge, thus suggesting the importance of other factors (fetch, storm duration and track, etc.).

scholarly journals Increased threat of tropical cyclones and coastal flooding to New York City during the anthropogenic era

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12610-12615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra J. Reed ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Kerry A. Emanuel ◽  
Ning Lin ◽  
Benjamin P. Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
York City ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

In a changing climate, future inundation of the United States’ Atlantic coast will depend on both storm surges during tropical cyclones and the rising relative sea levels on which those surges occur. However, the observational record of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic basin is too short (A.D. 1851 to present) to accurately assess long-term trends in storm activity. To overcome this limitation, we use proxy sea level records, and downscale three CMIP5 models to generate large synthetic tropical cyclone data sets for the North Atlantic basin; driving climate conditions span from A.D. 850 to A.D. 2005. We compare pre-anthropogenic era (A.D. 850–1800) and anthropogenic era (A.D.1970–2005) storm surge model results for New York City, exposing links between increased rates of sea level rise and storm flood heights. We find that mean flood heights increased by ∼1.24 m (due mainly to sea level rise) from ∼A.D. 850 to the anthropogenic era, a result that is significant at the 99% confidence level. Additionally, changes in tropical cyclone characteristics have led to increases in the extremes of the types of storms that create the largest storm surges for New York City. As a result, flood risk has greatly increased for the region; for example, the 500-y return period for a ∼2.25-m flood height during the pre-anthropogenic era has decreased to ∼24.4 y in the anthropogenic era. Our results indicate the impacts of climate change on coastal inundation, and call for advanced risk management strategies.

Tobacco retail environment near housing programmes for patients with mental health conditions in New York City

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-533
Author(s):  
Erin S Rogers ◽  
Elizabeth A Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
York City ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Retail Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Housing Programme

ObjectivesThe current study sought to characterise the tobacco retail environment of supportive housing facilities for persons with mental health (MH) conditions in New York City (NYC) and to estimate the potential impact of a tobacco retail ban near public schools on the retail environment of MH housing in NYC.MethodsTexas A&M Geocoding Services was used to geocode the addresses of housing programmes for patients with MH conditions, non-MH residences, public schools and tobacco retailers in NYC. ESRI ArcMap was used to calculate the number of tobacco retailers within a 500-foot radius around each housing programme and school address point, and the Euclidean distance to the nearest retailer. Generalised linear models were used to compare retail counts and distance between MH and non-MH residences.ResultsThe mean number of tobacco retailers within 500 feet of an MH housing programme was 2.9 (SD=2.3) and the mean distance to nearest tobacco retailer was 370.6 feet (SD=350.7). MH residences had more retailers within 500 feet and a shorter distance to the nearest retailer compared with non-MH residences in Brooklyn, the Bronx and Staten Island (p<0.001). Banning tobacco licences within 350, 500 or 1000 feet of a school would significantly improve the tobacco retail environment of MH housing programmes and reduce disparities between MH and non-MH residences in some boroughs.ConclusionsPeople with MH conditions residing in supportive housing in NYC encounter a heavy tobacco retail environment in close proximity to their home, and in some boroughs, one worse than non-MH residences. Implementing a ban on tobacco retail near public schools would improve the tobacco retail environment of MH housing programmes in NYC.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Risk of Placental Abruption: A Study of Births in New York City, 2008-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Huang ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Murray A Mittleman ◽  
Zev Ross ◽  
Michelle A Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Distributed Lag

Abstract We evaluated the associations amongst fine particulate matter (PM2.5 &lt;12, 12–14, and ≥15 μg/m3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 &lt;26, 26–29, and ≥30 ppb) and abruption in prospective cohort of 685,908 pregnancies in New York City (2008-2014). In co-pollutant analyses these associations were examined using distributed lag non-linear models based on Cox models. The prevalence of abruption was 0.9% (n=6025). Compared to PM2.5 &lt;12 μg/m3, women exposed to PM2.5 ≥15 μg/m3 in the third trimester experienced higher abruption rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 2.00). Compared to NO2 &lt;26 ppb, women exposed to 26-29 ppb (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20) and ≥30 ppb (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.24) in the first trimester were associated with higher abruption rate. Compared to both PM2.5 and NO2 &lt;95th percentile in the third trimester, rates of abruption were increased with both PM2.5 and NO2 ≥95th percentile (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.80) and PM2.5 ≥95th percentile and NO2 &lt;95th percentile (HR 1.43 95% CI: 1.23, 1.66). Increased PM2.5 levels in the third trimester and NO2 in the first trimester are associated with elevated abruption rates, suggesting that these exposures may be important triggers of premature placental separation through different pathways.

An Important Armenian MS. with Greek Miniatures

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
H. Kurdian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Christian Iconography

In 1941 while in New York City I was fortunate enough to purchase an Armenian MS. which I believe will be of interest to students of Eastern Christian iconography.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document