Pendugaan Erosi Tanah dan Arahan Rehabilitasi Lahan berbasis SIG di DAS Wai Ela Negeri Lima Jazirah Leihitu Pulau Ambon

The occurrence of soil erosion in Wai Ela Watershed is related to natural factors such as geology, soil types, slope steepness, and land uses. This study aimed to estimate soil erosion rates and their spatial distribution in Wai Ela watershed, and the results were used to establish land rehabilitation practices. The study used a survey method with a flexible grid observation distance, and field data collection was conducted on 15 sampling areas representing 72 land units. The annual soil erosion rates of Wai Ela watershed were estimated by using RUSLE and GIS, and the results were corrected with 0,2547 (Talakua and Osok’s correction factor). The proposed land rehabilitation practices were established based on the tolerable soil erosion (T) values and CP maximum. The study results showed that the average annual erosion rates in Wai Ela watershed vary from light erosion (8,14 t/ha/yr) to very heavy erosion (381,70 t/ha/yr), while the tolerable soil erosion rates range from 4,60 t/ha/yr to 24t/ha/yr. The proposed land rehabilitation practices include enrichment of the existing unprotected areas (bare lands) with forest and fruit trees, planting cover crops and grasses, and mulching on agricultural land. Keywords: correction factor 0,2547, land rehabilitation practices, RUSLE, Wai Ela watershed ABSTRAK Erosi pada DAS Wai Ela terjadi akibat faktor alam yaitu geologi, jenis tanah, panjang dan kemiringan lereng dan penggunaan lahan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menduga besarnya erosi di DAS Wai Ela, dan menetapkan arahan rehabilitasi lahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan tipe observasi fleksible grid dan pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan pada 15 sampel area yang mewakili 72 satuan lahan. Besarnya erosi dihitung menggunakan metode RUSLE dan hasilnya dikoreksi dengan factor 0,2547, dan dipetakan menggunakan program SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rrosbi di DAS Wai Ela berkisar dari sangat ringan (8,14 ton/ha/thn) hingga erosi sangat berat (381,70 ton/ha/thn), sedangkan erosi yang dapat dibiarkan atau nilai T berkisar dari 4,6 ton/ha/thn hingga 24 ton/ha/thn. Arahan rehabilitasi lahan yang disarankan adalah melakukan pengkayaan pada lahan-lahan yang terbuka dengan tanaman hutan dan buah-buahan, menanam tanaman penutup tanah dan rumput pada lahan yang miring dan penggunaan mulsa serasah/jerami, pada lahan-lahan pertanian. Kata kunci: DAS Wai Ela, faktor koreksi 0,2547, usulan rehabilitasi lahan, RUSLE

Download Full-text

Soil aggregation, erodibility, and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW Alps, Italy)

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-6-403-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 403-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

S. Stanchi ◽

G. Falsone ◽

E. Bonifacio

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Protective Action ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Aggregation ◽

Soil Erodibility ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract. Erosion is a relevant soil degradation factor in mountain agrosilvopastoral ecosystems that can be enhanced by the abandonment of agricultural land and pastures left to natural evolution. The on-site and off-site consequences of soil erosion at the catchment and landscape scale are particularly relevant and may affect settlements at the interface with mountain ecosystems. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) estimates of soil erosion consider, among others, the soil erodibility factor (K), which depends on properties involved in structure and aggregation. A relationship between soil erodibility and aggregation should therefore be expected. However, erosion may limit the development of soil structure; hence aggregates should not only be related to erodibility but also partially mirror soil erosion rates. The aim of the research was to evaluate the agreement between aggregate stability and erosion-related variables and to discuss the possible reasons for discrepancies in the two kinds of land use considered (forest and pasture). Topsoil horizons were sampled in a mountain catchment under two vegetation covers (pasture vs. forest) and analyzed for total organic carbon, total extractable carbon, pH, and texture. Soil erodibility was computed, RUSLE erosion rate was estimated, and aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Aggregation and RUSLE-related parameters for the two vegetation covers were investigated through statistical tests such as ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Soil erodibility was in agreement with the aggregate stability parameters; i.e., the most erodible soils in terms of K values also displayed weaker aggregation. Despite this general observation, when estimating K from aggregate losses the ANOVA conducted on the regression residuals showed land-use-dependent trends (negative average residuals for forest soils, positive for pastures). Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to mirror the actual topsoil conditions better than soil erodibility. Several hypotheses for this behavior were discussed. A relevant effect of the physical protection of the organic matter by the aggregates that cannot be considered in $K$ computation was finally hypothesized in the case of pastures, while in forests soil erodibility seemed to keep trace of past erosion and depletion of finer particles. A good relationship between RUSLE soil erosion rates and aggregate stability occurred in pastures, while no relationship was visible in forests. Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to capture aspects of actual vulnerability that are not visible through the erodibility estimate. Considering the relevance and extension of agrosilvopastoral ecosystems partly left to natural colonization, further studies on litter and humus protective action might improve the understanding of the relationship among erosion, erodibility, and structure.

Download Full-text

Soil aggregation, erodibility and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW-Alps, Italy)

Solid Earth Discussions ◽

10.5194/sed-7-185-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 185-212

Author(s):

S. Stanchi ◽

G. Falsone ◽

E. Bonifacio

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Erodibility ◽

Stability Parameters ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Relevant Effect ◽

Soil Erosion Rates ◽

Aggregate Loss

Abstract. Erosion is a relevant soil degradation factor in mountain agrosilvopastoral ecosystems, and can be enhanced by the abandonment of agricultural land and pastures, then left to natural evolution. The on-site and off-site consequences of soil erosion at the catchment and landscape scale are particularly relevant and may affect settlements at the interface with mountain ecosystems. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) estimates of soil erosion consider, among others, the soil erodibility factor (K), which depends on properties involved in structure and aggregation. A relationship between soil erodibility and aggregation is therefore expected. Erosion is however expected to limit the development of soil structure, hence aggregates should not only be related to erodibility but also mirror soil erosion rates. We investigated the relationships between aggregate stability and the RUSLE erodibility and erosion rate in a mountain watershed at the interface with settlements, characterized by two different land use types (pasture and forest). Soil erodibility was in agreement with the aggregate stability parameters, i.e. the most erodible soils in terms of K values also displayed weaker aggregation. However, estimating K from aggregate loss showed that forest soils always had negative residuals, while the opposite happened for pastures. A good relationship between RUSLE soil erosion rates and aggregate stability occurred in pastures, while no relationship was visible in forests. Several hypotheses for this behavior were discussed. A relevant effect of the physical protection of the organic matter by the aggregates that cannot be considered in K computation was finally hypothesized in the case of pastures, while in forests soil erodibility seemed to keep trace of past erosion and depletion of finer particles. In addition, in forests, the erosion rate estimate was particularly problematic likely because of a high spatial variability of litter properties. Considering the relevance and extension of agrosilvopastoral ecosystems partly left to natural colonization, further studies might improve the understanding of the relationship among erosion, erodibility and structure.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Western Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-185452/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hadi Eskandari Damaneh ◽

Hassan Khosravi ◽

Khalil Habashi ◽

Hamed Eskandari Damaneh ◽

John P. Tiefenbacher

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Land Cover ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

Lulc Changes ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates ◽

Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽

Landsat Satellite ◽

The Impact

Abstract Estimates of long-term change and land cover changes using satellite imagery update data about effects erosion on the destruction. This is relevant on semi-arid land where soil resources are scarce, and proper management requires matching LULC to the conditions to achieve sustainability. This study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on soil erosion using Landsat satellite images and the RUSLE model on plains around the Jarahi River and Shadegan International Wetlands. The maps of LULC were prepared with supervised classification and maximum-likelihood methods applied to pre-processed TM, ETM, and OLI images for 1989, 2003, and 2017. This study investigated the impacts of LULC changes on soil erosion. Based on the results, we observe that an assessment of LULC changes from 1989 to 2003 revealed diminishing bare land and wetland vegetation with increases in agricultural land and water features. The areas of agricultural lands and wetlands decreased from 2003 to 2017, while bare lands increased in the area. The areas with soil erosion rates < 1 Mg ha-1 y-1 have diminished, and areas having rates >1 Mg ha-1 y-1 increased in extent. We conclude that LULC changes led to increased soil erosion in Shadegan International Wetlands. Our study highlights the need to plan LULC changes to reduce soil erosion rates to achieve sustainable management. We argue that nature-based solutions can effectively reduce soil losses.

Download Full-text

Geospatial technology for prioritization of Koyna River basin of India based on soil erosion rates using different approaches

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13155-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tarate Suryakant Bajirao ◽

Pravendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Geospatial Technology ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

Download Full-text

The application of137Cs and210Pbexmethods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 11-24

Author(s):

Kristina S. Kalkan ◽

Sofija Forkapić ◽

Slobodan B. Marković ◽

Kristina Bikit ◽

Milivoj B. Gavrilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Migration Model ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates ◽

Profile Distribution ◽

And Migration

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pbex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pbex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pbex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.

Download Full-text

Assessing Changes in Soil Erosion Rates: A Markov Chain Analysis

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800008877 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 611-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rhonda Skaggs ◽

Soumen Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Markov Chain ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Great Plains ◽

Markov Chain Analysis ◽

Conservation Policies ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

National Resources Inventory ◽

Long Run ◽

Chain Analysis ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

AbstractMarkov chain analysis (one-step and long-run) is applied to the National Resources Inventory (NRI) database to evaluate changes in wind-based soil erosion rates over time. The research compares changes in soil erosion rates between NRI sample sites with and without applied conservation practices for a random sample of Great Plains counties. No significant differences between sites are found for half of the counties evaluated. The effectiveness and efficiency of conservation policies are thus questioned in light of these research results.

Download Full-text

Dynamics of soil erosion rates and controlling factors in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands – towards a sediment budget

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ◽

10.1002/esp.1569 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 695-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Jan Nyssen ◽

Jean Poesen ◽

Jan Moeyersons ◽

Mitiku Haile ◽

Jozef Deckers

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Sediment Budget ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Ethiopian Highlands ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

Download Full-text

Plastic Covered Cropping Systems: Runoff Patterns and Soil Erosion Rates

10.13031/2013.39254 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Arnhold ◽

Christopher L Shope ◽

Bernd Huwe

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

Download Full-text

Do suspended sediment and bedload move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek, northern Australia?

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences ◽

10.5194/piahs-367-283-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 367 ◽

pp. 283-290

Author(s):

W. D. Erskine ◽

M. J. Saynor ◽

K. Turner ◽

T. Whiteside ◽

J. Boyden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Uranium Mine ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Sediment Yields ◽

Flood Plains ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Base Level ◽

Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract. Soil erosion rates on plots of waste rock at Ranger uranium mine and basin sediment yields have been measured for over 30 years in Magela Creek in northern Australia. Soil erosion rates on chlorite schist waste rock are higher than for mica schist and weathering is also much faster. Sediment yields are low but are further reduced by sediment trapping effects of flood plains, floodouts, billabongs and extensive wetlands. Suspended sediment yields exceed bedload yields in this deeply weathered, tropical landscape, but the amount of sand transported greatly exceeds that of silt and clay. Nevertheless, sand is totally stored above the topographic base level. Longitudinal continuity of sediment transport is not maintained. As a result, suspended sediment and bedload do not move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek and lower Magela Creek wetlands trap about 90.5% of the total sediment load input.

Download Full-text