“Across the Main Caucasus Ridge”. The Caucasus Writings of George Kennan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irakli Tskhvediani
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Subject

In 1870, George Kennan, a pioneering explorer, writer, and lecturer on Russia in the nineteenth century, became the first American to cross the Caucasus from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea and explore the highlands of Dagestan, a remote Muslim region west of Chechnya, only a decade after Russia violently absorbed the region into its empire. He kept detailed journals of his adventures, creating a vivid narrative of his six-month odyssey. This trip in 1870 is the subject of this paper, focusing on the account of Kennan’s Caucasus journey that chronicles his expedition from Dagestan to Georgia over the Main Caucasus Ridge.

The problem of invaders in the Caspian Sea in the context of the findings of new zoo- and phytoplankton species from the Black Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Shiganova ◽  
E. I. Musaeva ◽  
L. A. Pautova ◽  
Yu. V. Bulgakova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
The Caspian Sea

scholarly journals The black sea: the energetic corridor between Europe and Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Roberto Luis Brocate Pirón ◽  
Jerónimo Rios Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Strategic Interactions ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
European Context ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Bosphorus Strait

The Black Sea is one of the most important geostrategic enclaves in the oil and gas connection linking Asia with Europe and Russia. However, the presence of Turkey on the Bosphorus Strait directly affects how the geo-strategic interactions of the region develop. The crisis in Ukraine has spurred Turkish-Russian relations, positioning the country as a key player in the gas transit to Eurasia and projecting the aspirations of the Kremlin, under President Vladimir Putin has sought to regain an influential weight in the region - as shown by the crisis in Georgia or, more recently, Crimea - especially in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Thus, the following work seeks to put a little light on new relationships and geopolitical aspirations, especially in Russia and Turkey and, likewise, have a direct impact on the European context.

scholarly journals Ossidiana e selce nel Caucaso Meridionale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Amato
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Metal Age ◽  
Important Site

Lithic production in the Southern Caucasus continues to flourish even after the diffusion of metals in the 4th-3rd millennia BC. Flint elements and especially those in obsidian, were in fact of considerable importance in the life of metal age communities and are well attested both in living and in funerary contexts. Considered by some scholars as an attribute of celestial deities, obsidian is present in numerous deposits between the Lesser and the Greater Caucasus, from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. It was widely exploited for its naturally sharp edges and ease of processing. Flint, of local origin, is used to made agricultural tools, generally found in the inhabited areas, and arrowheads and spearheads, most commonly preserved in funerary contexts. The present article analyses the main features of the lithic assemblage from Aradetis Orgora, the most important site in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia, and from its Kura-Araxes cemetery.

The Ottoman Northern Black Sea Frontier at Akkerman Fortress: The View from a Historical and Archaeological Project

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR OSTAPCHUK ◽  
SVITLANA BILYAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
The One ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Prime Target

The northern frontiers of the Ottoman Empire lay across a swathe of lands between Hungary and Iran, arcing through the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, then north of the Black Sea through the steppes of southern Ukraine, and finally proceeding further east along the Caucasus Mountains as far as the Caspian Sea. In a frontier region such as the one on the northern Black Sea, where environment, human geography and historical traditions made the steppe an alien place that did not readily yield to control and assimilation, the fortress was indispensable for maintaining the centre's presence. As imperial presence in such an area was anchored at and emanated from the fortress, the fortress can be seen as a prime target of a strategy aimed at learning about this frontier of the Ottoman world.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of dynamics of Russian south waters within the framework of operational oceanography tasks

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1865-1890
Author(s):  
A. V. Grigoriev ◽  
A. G. Zatsepin ◽  
V. A. Kubryakov ◽  
I. V. Charikov ◽  
L. D. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Operational Oceanography ◽  
Modeling Of Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Information

Abstract. Modeling of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea waters dynamics was conducted within the framework of the European ECOOP project and Russian project JISWO on the basis of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). Nowcasting and tree days forecasting of the Black Sea dynamics was carried out in a daily mode with horizontal resolution of ∼1 km along the Russian coast of the basin. The nowcasting of the Caspian Sea dynamics was carried out every ten days with horizontal resolution of ∼5 km on the basis of climatic information about water temperature and salinity and decade-averaged wind NCEP-NCAR. Examples of calculations are presented here and their comparison with space remote sensing and in situ (hydrological measurements) data is fulfilled, and the results of model validation are discussed.

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