scholarly journals Root loline concentration in endophyteinfected meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) attack

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Patchett ◽  
R.B. Chapman ◽  
L.R. Fletcher ◽  
S.R. Gooneratne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Loline Alkaloids ◽  
Insect Attack

The larvae of New Zealand grass grub are economically important subterranean pests of pastures Some endophyteinfected meadow fescues contain loline alkaloids in the roots which can protect the plant from insect attack Loline concentrations in the roots of meadow fescue ecotypes in autumn were similar to concentrations in shoots of the same line Loline concentrations in the roots of the meadow fescue ecotypes exposed to grass grub were significantly higher (P

scholarly journals The effect of endophyte (Neotyphodium uncinatum) in meadow fescue on grass grub larvae

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Popay ◽  
R.J. Townsend ◽  
L.R. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Pot Trials

Grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) population density mean larval weight and visible damage were lower in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum (E) than in uninfected meadow fescue (E) in an unreplicated field trial In two bioassays third instar grass grubs ate all meadow fescue E roots but significantly less of the E roots Larvae fed E roots lost weight at the same rate as unfed control larvae Larvae given a choice between maize and either E or E meadow fescue in a pot trial consumed 33 more of the maize in the E treatment than in the E treatment Weight gain of larvae in E treatments was significantly less than in E in both the choice and nochoice pot trials but survival was the same It was concluded that meadow fescue infected with N uncinatum deters grass grub larval feeding but has no major toxic effects

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on growth and loline alkaloid production of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) associated with the fungal symbiont Neotyphodium uncinatum

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja G. Bylin ◽  
David E. Hume ◽  
Stuart D. Card ◽  
Wade J. Mace ◽  
Catherine M. Lloyd-West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loline Alkaloids ◽  
Different Levels

In a field study during two growing seasons in northern Sweden, we assessed meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) with and without Neotyphodium uncinatum to determine whether the endophyte affects plant performance regarding tiller and biomass production. In addition, we measured loline alkaloids produced in infected grasses. Approximately 1000 plants grew at two different levels of nitrogen fertilization: the normal amount applied in this region and one-half that amount. Increasing the amount of nitrogen increased the total number of tillers on the plants. Endophyte-infected plants produced more tillers per plant than plants without the endophyte; there was, however, no significant difference in proportion of reproductive tillers, winter survival, or total biomass production between endophyte-infected and noninfected plants. Infected plants produced loline alkaloids in different quantities without indication of being influenced by different nitrogen fertilization levels.

Pyrenophora dictyoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenophora dictyoides. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Festuca, Lolium, Phleum, Poa. DISEASE: Causes net blotch and leaf spot primarily of fescues. Irregular brown leaf lesions with a delicate netted pattern are formed which may result in the withering of the whole leaf blade. Common on meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) causing net-blotch lesions and occasionally found on Lolium and other grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By spores, overwintering on leaf bases, crop debris, etc., and by seed transmission (50, 3873).

scholarly journals Endophyte effects on consumption of seed and germinated seedlings of ryegrass and fescue by grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) larvae

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 353-355
Author(s):  
A.J. Popay ◽  
B.A. Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Loline Alkaloids

Tall fescue, meadow fescue and ryegrass seeds with and without endophyte infection were fed to third-instar grass grub to determine the relative effects of different endophytes on consumption. Treatments were: tall fescue without endophyte or infected with four novel endophytes (AR514, AR542, AR584, ES), meadow fescue without endophyte or infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum and perennial ryegrass infected with a novel endophyte AR37. Grass grub larvae were initially given hard seed but when they failed to eat this, moist soil was added to allow seed to soften and germinate. After 7 days, all endophytes had reduced feeding compared to their endophytefree counterparts. At the completion of the trial, 15 days after adding moist soil, only AR37 in perennial ryegrass had no effect on damage to the seed. Of the endophytes in tall fescue, seeds containing AR542 were significantly more damaged than other endophyte treatments. Composition of loline alkaloids may be important in reducing feeding. Keywords: tall fescue, meadow fescue, ryegrass, endophytes, loline alkaloids, seed damage, grass grub, Costelytra zealandica

scholarly journals Endophyteinfected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deters feeding by Listronotus bonariensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Patchett ◽  
R.B. Chapman ◽  
L.R. Fletcher ◽  
S.R. Gooneratne
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Loline Alkaloids

Meadow fescue Festuca pratensis infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum contains loline alkaloids that may deter attack from pasture insects In a field experiment conducted in Canterbury high leaf loline alkaloid concentration reduced damage by Argentine stem weevil (ASW; Listronotus bonariensis) adults to 12 unique endophyteinfected meadow fescue ecotypes at four assessment times (DecApr; R2adj 489 P

scholarly journals Response of black beetle and redheaded pasture cockchafer larvae to loline alkaloids in meadow fescue roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
N.E. Cameron ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Loline Alkaloids

Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum endophyte was used to investigate the response of redheaded pasture cockchafer (Adoryphorus coulonii) and black beetle (Heteronychus arator) larvae to loline alkaloids Root material of meadow fescue genotypes varying in loline alkaloid concentration were fed to individual larvae in a nochoice bioassay Total root loline concentrations ranged from 500 to 3000 g/g DM Growth of second instar cockchafer larvae was significantly reduced under treatments with highest loline concentrations (P

scholarly journals The role of endophyte in determining the persistence and productivity of ryegrass, tall fescue and meadow fescue in Northland

2009 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Hume ◽  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
K.A. Panckhurst
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
African Black ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Insect Attack

Evidence from small plot and farm trials demonstrate that fungal endophyte infection plays a pivotal role in enhancing the persistence and yields of perennial, hybrid and Italian ryegrasses, tall and meadow fescues in Northland. In most situations these effects were evident within 2-3 years of sowing and were largely attributed to protection from insect attack that is conferred by endophyte infection. Keywords: fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea, meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis, African black beetle, Heteronychus arator

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