scholarly journals Pheromone trap and crop infestation monitoring of mealybug species in Nelson apple orchards

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 291-291
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Pseudococcus Calceolariae ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Trap Catches

Potential applications for synthetic sex pheromones for two troublesome mealybug species found in New Zealand Pseudococcus calceolariae (citrophilus) and P longispinus (longtailed) are ongoing The aim of this pilot study was to compare the results of seasonlong pheromone trapping for both species with crop infestation assessments at harvest A total of four traps of each species was monitored in three commercial Nelson orchard blocks between September 2010 and April 2011 Trapping indicated a sharp peak in male citrophilus mealybug flight activity in mid February with a gradual decline thereafter Longtailed mealybug flight activity increased during March and peaked in late April when trapping ceased Higher numbers of citrophilus mealybug males (36764) were trapped than longtailed mealybug (693) At harvest mealybugs were identified on 357 infested fruit and 295 infested leaves to determine mealybug species composition and relative abundance The dominant species was longtailed mealybug identified on 92 of infested fruit Citrophilus and obscure mealybugs (P viburni) were identified on 3 and 5 of infested fruit respectively From the leaf sample 410 longtailed 4 obscure and no citrophilus mealybugs were identified These results indicate pheromone trap catches do not reflect species abundance in the crop Possible reasons for these results are discussed

scholarly journals Flight initiation and flight activity in Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scholz ◽  
C. Borgemeister ◽  
R. H. Markham ◽  
H. M. Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Flight Initiation

AbstractIn an outdoor experimental set-up, the number of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) flying from maize cobs was recorded over 38 observation weeks. Flight activity in the field was recorded for 50 weeks with three pheromone traps, each placed at c. 100–300 m from the first experimental set-up. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both flight initiation and flight activity were partly influenced by mean temperatures, but were not directly related. Flight initiation was mainly dependent on population density. An additional experiment showed that sex ratios among pheromone trap catches were not correlated with the number of beetles caught; sex ratios were female-biased throughout the year. Seasonal fluctuations in flight activity recorded with pheromone traps are mainly dependent on changes in the number and sizes of beetle populations in a given area, as well as on breeding site availability and suitability.

scholarly journals PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS,

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Mague ◽  
W. Harvey Reissig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractPheromone trapping studies from 1979 to 1981 showed that there were two periods of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), male flight activity annually in western New York apple orchards. Spring flight, which resulted from overwintering black caps, began at ca. 94–140 degree-days (base 10 °C from 1 March) and occurred during bloom in the apple varieties studied. First generation crawlers emerged at ca. 360 degree-days. Second generation crawlers emerged at ca. 890 degree-days and were active throughout September. Regression analyses showed a logistic relationship between crawler density and fruit infestation, and inverse linear relationships between pheromone trap catches and San Jose scale infestation levels within trees.

scholarly journals Clear-cuts are temporary habitats, not matrix, for endangered grassland burnet moths (Zygaena spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Olof Bergman ◽  
Joseph Burman ◽  
Dennis Jonason ◽  
Mattias C. Larsson ◽  
Nils Ryrholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inert Matrix ◽  
Temporary Habitats ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBurnet moths (Zygaena spp.) are day-flying Lepidoptera considered indicative of species-rich grasslands. In the present study, our aim was to clarify whether clear-cuts are habitat, supporting habitat or matrix for three species of Zygaena. We did so by sampling these species with sex pheromones on 48 clear-cuts, varying in amount of host and nectar plants, in southern Sweden. To compare the efficiency of such sampling, we also conducted transect walks on these clearcuts. Overall, host-plants on clear-cuts best explained the abundance of Zygaena spp. recorded, better than nectar-plants or connectivity with nearby grasslands. These results indicate that clear-cuts with an abundance of host plants are used as a fully functional habitat, and not a supporting habitat in the sense of only providing nectar. There is no support in these results for considering clear-cuts as an inert matrix. With about half the work-effort, pheromone traps recorded 100 times more Zygaena spp. as transect walks. The poor correspondence between observations during transects walks and pheromone trap catches suggest Zygaena spp. being difficult to monitor by transect walks. In contrast to grasslands, clear-cuts are short-term in nature requiring repeated recolonization, indicating the importance of permanent grasslands. However, clear-cuts are important temporary insect habitats due to their great acreage, and suitable management can increase the time they remain a habitat.

Pheromone Trapping as an Indicator of Southern Corn Rootworm Damage in Peanut1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
J. D. Barbour ◽  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Corn Rootworms ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Trap Catches

Abstract Populations of adult male southern corn rootworms (SCR) were monitored, and percent pod damage evaluated, for 107 peanut fields in the peanut growing regions of northeastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia from 1986 through 1990. percent pod damage was not consistently related to numbers of adult male SCR as determined by pheromone trap catches, for any of the five years, or for all five years combined. However, fields with trap catches less than or equal to 45 beetles per trap per week (17% of those sampled) appeared to be at low risk for SCR damage. When SCR numbers averaged less than 45 beetles per trap per week, percent pod damage averaged less than 3% and variation was low (standard deviation=2.1%), indicating that this number may be used as a low-end cutoff for SCR treatment. The critical dependence of SCR on adequate soil moisture for survival of eggs and early instar larvae may be a major factor contributing to the lack of correlation between numbers of adult SCR and damage to peanut pods under field conditions.

Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J.D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops

The influence of behaviour modifying chemicals on mating success of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Malawi

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe synthetic sex pheromone (dicastalure) of the red bollworm of cotton, Diparopsis castanea Hmps., in Central and Southern Africa, and an inhibitor of male sexual attraction (trans-9-dodecenyl acetate,=IIA), were used in an enclosed 0·2 ha cotton field-cage to reduce successful female matings. Over one month dicastalure at 21·0 and 42·3 g/ha produced average reductions in mating of 47·9% and 72·5% respectively and 37·9 g IIA/ha produced an overall reduction in mating of 71·5%, or 79·5% in released moth populations, over the same period. The proportion of virgin females present in disruption situations was significantly greater than in untreated populations and was density-independent for moth populations of up to 2 200/ha. The proportion of fertile eggs in disruption situations was correspondingly reduced to 30·2% from an average of 67·9% in control cycles. Reduction in sex pheromone trap catches is an unsatisfactory indicator of the extent to which males are prevented from inseminating females and considerably over-estimates the true degree of disruption. This is the first time that a naturally occurring inhibitor has been used successfully to disrupt mating in a field population of insects and it indicates the potential of the method for the control of high density pest populations in cotton. However, use of polyethylene dispensing mechanisms similar to those used in the field-cage disruption experiments would be unsuitable as a practical method of dispensing behaviour modifying chemicals and it is suggested that, for suitably controlled release of such chemicals, currently available microencapsulation technology offers the best prospects.

SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES DISRUPT MALE DIORYCTRIA SPP. MOTHS IN A LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARD

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. DeBarr ◽  
James L. Hanula ◽  
Christine G. Niwa ◽  
John C. Nord
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Large Scale Tests

AbstractSynthetic sex pheromones released in a loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchard interfered with the ability of male coneworm moths, Dioryctria Zeller spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to locate traps baited with sex pheromones or live females. Pherocon 1C® traps baited with synthetic pheromones or live conspecific females were hung near the center of two 1.2-ha circular plots during emergence of Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), Dioryctria disclusa (Heinrich), and Dioryctria merkeli (Mutuura and Munroe). In a paired design, trap catches for the mating-disruption treatment with synthetic pheromone dispensers consisting of three polyvinyl chloride rods placed in every tree were compared with the control treatment. Treatments were alternated at intervals of 2–3 d. Trap catches of D. amatella were reduced by 91% when plots were treated with 2.5 g/ha of Z-11-hexadencenyl acetate. Catches were reduced by 99.5% for D. disclusa and by 97% for D. merkeli when plots were treated with 12.5 g/ha of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate, whereas catches of D. amatella were unaffected by this mating-disruption treatment. Daily disappearance of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate from the dispensers averaged 0.46 g/ha or less. Manually placing dispensers on nylon lines in the tops of trees was an effective method for releasing synthetic Dioryctria pheromones in the orchard. These data suggest it may be feasible to prevent mating of Dioryctria spp. in pine seed orchards by using synthetic pheromones for mating disruption, but large-scale tests will be required to demonstrate cone protection.

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