scholarly journals Measuring kiwifruit resistance to armoured scale insect pests

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
M.G. Hill ◽  
N.A. Mauchline ◽  
K.A. Stannard
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Settlement Growth

A bioassay for assessing relative susceptibility of kiwifruit germplasm to latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) has been developed and validated The method uses cut canes collected from dormant kiwifruit vines in winter Canes are held in coolstore (0C) until required Lengths of cane (40 cm) are held with one end in water at 20C and scale insect crawlers from laboratory cultures are encouraged to settle beneath wool wrapped around the cane Percentage crawler settlement numbers of insects surviving to adulthood and their size are determined and used to assess the relative susceptibility of the plant This method has been validated for H lataniae and used to study kiwifruit resistance and defensive responses The bioassay did not work satisfactorily for greedy scale (H rapax) as crawler settlement was very low Further research has identified cane age as an important determinant of H rapax crawler settlement Young canes harvested in summer enable good settlement of H rapax but canes of this age do not last long enough for the insects to mature (1012 weeks) Canes harvested in autumn while still green will survive to support H rapax settlement growth and survival and can be used to compare kiwifruit resistance to both scale species

scholarly journals Settlement, Growth, and Survival of Eastern Oysters on Alternative Reef Substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Theuerkauf ◽  
Russell P. Burke ◽  
Romuald N. Lipcius
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Eastern Oysters ◽  
Settlement Growth

Scale insect pests on ornamental plants in urban habitats in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan �anak�ioglu ◽  
Selma �lgent�rk
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Urban Habitats

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Enzymatic Response of the Grasshopper, Calliptamus abbreviatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), to Six Plant-Derived Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Wang ◽  
Xunbing Huang ◽  
Babar Hussain Chang ◽  
Zehua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Growth And Survival

Abstract Plant-derived compounds are sources of biopesticides for the control of insect pests. We compared the growth performance and enzymatic response of the grasshopper Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn to six plant-derived compounds (rutin, quercetin, nicotine, matrine, azadirachtin, and rotenone) in laboratory and field trials. When exposed to the six compounds, C. abbreviatus had significantly reduced growth and survival. All the compounds significantly induced an elevated level of reactive oxygen species, indicating oxidative damage. The activity of detoxifying enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, all significantly increased after exposure to the six compounds. These data suggest that the six plant-derived compounds had negative effects on C. abbreviatus. Of the six compounds, matrine, azadirachtin, and rotenone were more toxic to C. abbreviatus, followed by nicotine, quercetin, and rutin. These results show the potential of these compounds as botanical pesticides, which can be applied for the biological control of the grasshopper C. abbreviatus.

Effects of delayed settlement on post-settlement growth and survival of scleractinian coral larvae

Oecologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Graham ◽  
Andrew H. Baird ◽  
Bette L. Willis ◽  
Sean R. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Coral Larvae ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Settlement Growth

Induction of settlement, growth and survival of juveniles of Paracentrotus lividus

Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rial ◽  
P. Rial ◽  
A. Casal ◽  
N. Costoya ◽  
D. Costas
Keyword(s):  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Settlement Growth

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona Resistance of Four Different Cultivars of Kiwifruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhe Zheng ◽  
Qiaohong Li ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guanle Wu ◽  
Ke Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Background:Kiwifruit is a common and popular fruit around the world. However, white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) [Targioni-Tozzetti], a scale insect with a wide range of hosts, seriously affects the yield and quality of kiwifruit. To investigate the differences in resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars to Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, cellular structure and gene expression assays were used to explain the mechanism. Results:In this study, based on the stability of the rate of injury fruit, we selected four cultivars from fifty kiwifruits for in-depth study, including “LC-04285”, “CF-3”, “DA-7B” and “Hayward”. By analyzing the differences in the anatomical structure of the canes of these cultivars, we found that the resistant cultivar "LC-04285" had thicker cuticle, denser epidermis and cortex. The real-time quantitative PCR data indicated that the expression levels of genes related to cuticle synthesis and formation of epidermis and cortex are also higher in “LC-04285”. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone involved in plant defense against many insect pests. In this study, we found that the expression levels of JA receptor COI1 were higher in “LC-04285”. However, the expression levels of AcJAZs, which played negative role in JA signaling, were higher in susceptible cultivar “Hayward”. Besides, the expression levels of AcICS, AcPAL4, AcPAL5, and AcNPRs, which were involved in salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and SA response, were also higher in “LC-04285”. Conclusions:Our results revealed the mechanism of kiwifruit resistance to P. pentagona at the molecular and cellular levels. This study provided useful guidance for breeding insect-resistant kiwifruit in future.

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