Geo-Spatial Distribution and Comparative Assessment of Brick Kiln Industry: Appraisal on Kulpi Block in Diamond Harbour Sub-Division, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal

Brick is one of the most important building materials and the demand of it is continuously rising for high increasing of population and the demand for settlement growth. Brick kilns in India are considered by traditional types of manufacturing and established as a significant industry in the unorganized sector. Percentage of female worker is more than male and in most of the cases total family be involved. Indian brick industry is the second biggest in the world after the China which provides livelihood. Among 9 Blocks of Diamond Harbour Sub-Division, Kulpi is the largest block based on number of brick kiln industry. Total brick kiln of the Sub division is 101. But Kulpi has 44 Brick Kilns (equal to 43.46%) covering an area of 60,000 Bigha or 80.3 Sq. Kms acquiring 25.83 % area of the Block itself. Author has attempted to observe the geo-spatial scenario and analysis of brick kiln industry of Kulpi block. Keywords: Locational Status, Brick Kiln Industry, Distribution, Comparison, Analysis, Kulpi Block

Open and Consistent Geospatial Data on Population Density, Built-Up and Settlements to Analyse Human Presence, Societal Impact and Sustainability: A Review of GHSL Applications

This review analyses peer-reviewed scientific publications and policy documents that use built-up density, population density and settlement typology spatial grids from the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) project to quantify human presence and processes for sustainability. Such open and free grids provide detailed time series spanning 1975–2015 developed with consistent approaches. Improving our knowledge of cities and settlements by measuring their size extent, as well as the societal processes occurring within settlements, is key to understanding their impact on the local, regional and global environment for addressing global sustainability and the integrity of planet Earth. The reviewed papers are grouped around five main topics: Quantifying human presence; assessing settlement growth over time; estimating societal impact, assessing natural hazard risk and impact, and generating indicators for international framework agreements and policy documents. This review calls for continuing to refine and expand the work on societal variables that, when combined with essential variables including those for climate, biodiversity and ocean, can improve our understanding of the societal impact on the biosphere and help to monitor progress towards local, regional and planetary sustainability.

Impact of Settlement Growth on Yenagoa’s Urban Environment

This research is a study on the assessment of settlement growth and its impact on the urban environment in Yenagoa Metropolis. Landsat imageries of 1988, 1996, 2004, 2012 and 2020 were acquired from the United Sates Geographical Survey. Supervised image classifications using level 1 classification scheme was adopted to extract LandUse/LandCover. The five Epochs of images were used to extract the built-up areas, water bodies and vegetation areas. The area (ha) of land use for each epoch was determined using clipping images. The spatio-temporal changes were determined as a percentage of LULC per epoch and which was done following standard methods. Mapping technique was used to compare satellite imageries. Findings showed that built up areas was 1,279.81 in 1988, 2,497.87 in 1996, 4,554.73 in 2009, 7,804.30 in 2012 and 10,447.50 in 2020. While the percentage change of built-up are in 1988 was 6.12%, 1996 was 11.94%, 2004 was 21.78%, 2012 was 34.31% and 2020 was 30.09%, respectively. It is therefore recommended here that government should empower urban planning and development agencies, legally and financially to carry out their responsibility to implement existing master plan of the city. Engage in citizen education on how to contribute in managing the environment and sustainable land use management framework in the study area for proper management of the urban environment to enhance sustained settlement growth in the city.

Analisis Kondisi Pemukiman Penduduk Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia

The settlement is a very important topic and is widely discussed in all countries. This study is a study that discusses the topic of settlement using the literature review method. In this study, we will discuss several articles related to housing and try to compare with the conditions of settlements in Indonesia. The findings of this study are that there are two aspects of empirical research that are not found to be running optimally in Indonesia, namely: aspects of consumption patterns and urban and environmental planning. Meanwhile, the empirical condition that is under the conditions of housing in Indonesia is the limited quality of human resources and types of housing in Indonesia as well as aspects of the interaction between the public sector, the interaction of the private sector to increase settlement growth.

Spatial and Temporal Human Settlement Growth Differentiation with Symbolic Machine Learning for Verifying Spatial Policy Targets: Assiut Governorate, Egypt as a Case Study

Since 2005, Egypt has a new land-use development policy to control unplanned human settlement growth and prevent outlying growth. This study assesses the impact of this policy shift on settlement growth in Assiut Governorate, Egypt, between 1999 and 2020. With symbolic machine learning, we extract built-up areas from Landsat images of 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 and a Landscape Expansion Index with a new QGIS plugin tool (Growth Classifier) developed to classify settlement growth types. The base year, 1999, was produced by the national remote sensing agency. After extracting the built-up areas from the Landsat images, eight settlement growth types (infill, expansion, edge-ribbon, linear branch, isolated cluster, proximate cluster, isolated scattered, and proximate scattered) were identified for four periods (1999:2005, 2005:2010, 2010:2015, and 2015:2020). The results show that prior to the policy shift of 2005, the growth rate for 1999–2005 was 11% p.a. In all subsequent periods, the growth rate exceeded the target rate of 1% p.a., though by varying amounts. The observed settlement growth rates were 5% (2005:2010), 7.4% (2010:2015), and 5.3% (2015:2020). Although the settlements in Assiut grew primarily through expansion and infill, with the latter growing in importance during the last two later periods, outlying growth is also evident. Using four class metrics (number of patches, patch density, mean patch area, and largest patch index) for the eight growth types, all types showed a fluctuated trend between all periods, except for expansion, which always tends to increase. To date, the policy to control human settlement expansion and outlying growth has been unsuccessful.