scholarly journals Nysius huttoni on exported kiwifruit the role of olfactory cues

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 451-451
Author(s):  
J. Giejsztowt ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Gain Access

Nysius huttoni (Hemiptera Orsillidae; wheat bug) is endemic to New Zealand It is occasionally intercepted in overseas markets on exported kiwifruit jeopardising market access and leading to costly remedial processes (eg fumigation reexport) Studies have shown that N huttoni aggregate on weeds in orchard loadout areas and may gain access to kiwifruit whilst these are in wooden bins used for transport to the packhouse This behaviour may be moderated by olfactory cues The effect of olfactory cues released by kiwifruit and wooden bins (pallet wood) on the walking response of N huttoni was tested in a Ytube olfactometer over 4 months using fieldcollected adults Nysius huttoni collected in December showed no response to either of the odour cues tested Those collected during January/ February showed no response to pallet wood but they exhibited avoidance behaviour when exposed to kiwifruit odour Nysius huttoni collected during March emulated the January/February trends These results suggest that aggregations of N huttoni on wooden bins and kiwifruit during picking and transport may not be caused by olfactory cues rather from the texture of kiwifruit or bins which afford N huttoni an overwintering habitat particularly if the response of individuals in flight is similar to those walking

Information-seeking to Support Personal and Community Wellbeing: Report of a study of New Zealand Men Using Focus Groups

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Wellstead
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Groupes De Discussion

This paper reports part of an ongoing study exploring the information behaviour of New Zealand men during periods of diminished health and wellbeing. Focus groups were used for this iteration of the study. Results indicate that New Zealand men face both personal and structural constraints to their information-seeking during periods when their health and wellbeing may be compromised. This study highlights that service providers need to develop more effective information delivery mechanisms and support services for men. These services need to be appealing to men and reflect men’s information seeking preferences. The role of LIS professionals in supporting this endeavour is discussed. Cet article présente une étude en cours explorant le comportement informationnel d’ hommes néo-zélandais durant des périodes où leur état de santé et de bien-être est amoindri. Des groupes de discussion ont été utilisés pour cette itération de l'étude. Les résultats indiquent que les hommes en Nouvelle-Zélande font face à des contraintes à la fois  personnelles et structurelles dans leur recherche d'information pendant les périodes où leur santé et leur bien-être peuvent être affaiblis. Cette étude met en évidence le besoin pour les fournisseurs de services de développer des mécanismes de diffusion de l'information plus efficaces et des services de soutien pour les hommes. Ces services doivent être attrayants et refléter les préférences des hommes dans leurs recherches d’information. Le rôle des professionnels de l'information dans le soutien à cette entreprise est discuté.

From Market Access to Cumulative Innovation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kuenzler
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
Production Output

This chapter argues for a reinvigorated role of the market access doctrine and references a number of important antitrust and intellectual property law decisions in which courts have given priority to market access. It finds a novel function for market access to play within antitrust and intellectual property law liability: courts that grant plaintiffs access to a defendant’s production output should refer to a three-step test under which they inquire (1) whether the inventor, through first-mover advantages, has reaped a sufficient reward such that contractual or intellectual property rights protection would no longer be required to facilitate innovation, (2) whether competitors were able to challenge the proprietary platform’s position in the market without the possibility of granting access, and (3) whether competitors seeking to benefit from market access will make use of it to facilitate the introduction of new goods rather than merely to copy the initial invention.

Literary Histories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Marie Kröller
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Literary History ◽  
English Language ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Literary Histories

This chapter discusses national literary histories in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific and summarises the book's main findings regarding the construction and revision of narratives of national identity since 1950. In colonial and postcolonial cultures, literary history is often based on a paradox that says much about their evolving sense of collective identity, but perhaps even more about the strains within it. The chapter considers the complications typical of postcolonial literary history by focusing on the conflict between collective celebration and its refutation. It examines three issues relating to the histories of English-language fiction in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific: problems of chronology and beginnings, with a special emphasis on Indigenous peoples; the role of the cultural elite and the history wars in the Australian context; and the influence of postcolonial networks on historical methodology.

scholarly journals Contemporary management of locoregionally advanced melanoma in Australia and New Zealand and the role of adjuvant systemic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (S2) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
B. Mark Smithers ◽  
Robyn P. M. Saw ◽  
David E. Gyorki ◽  
Richard C. W. Martin ◽  
Victoria Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy ◽  
Contemporary Management

scholarly journals The Role of Capsid in HIV-1 Nuclear Entry

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Anabel Guedán ◽  
Eve R. Caroe ◽  
Genevieve C. R. Barr ◽  
Kate N. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Outer Face ◽  
Nuclear Entry ◽  
Nuclear Compartment ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Gain Access

HIV-1 can infect non-dividing cells. The nuclear envelope therefore represents a barrier that HIV-1 must traverse in order to gain access to the host cell chromatin for integration. Hence, nuclear entry is a critical step in the early stages of HIV-1 replication. Following membrane fusion, the viral capsid (CA) lattice, which forms the outer face of the retroviral core, makes numerous interactions with cellular proteins that orchestrate the progress of HIV-1 through the replication cycle. The ability of CA to interact with nuclear pore proteins and other host factors around the nuclear pore determines whether nuclear entry occurs. Uncoating, the process by which the CA lattice opens and/or disassembles, is another critical step that must occur prior to integration. Both early and delayed uncoating have detrimental effects on viral infectivity. How uncoating relates to nuclear entry is currently hotly debated. Recent technological advances have led to intense discussions about the timing, location, and requirements for uncoating and have prompted the field to consider alternative uncoating scenarios that presently focus on uncoating at the nuclear pore and within the nuclear compartment. This review describes recent advances in the study of HIV-1 nuclear entry, outlines the interactions of the retroviral CA protein, and discusses the challenges of investigating HIV-1 uncoating.

Megamarketing in The Post-Pandemic Era: Rebalancing Political and Social Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 027614672199643
Author(s):  
Philip Kotler ◽  
Hermawan Kartajaya ◽  
Abdullah Alaydrus
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Organizational Functions ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Amid globalization and digitalization, market access is relatively more difficult due to various obstacles caused by political and social forces. Large enterprises with limited control over regulation-making with values not in sync with the society experience difficulty accessing markets. Megamarketing represents an effort by business enterprises to counter closed market access by way of managing two “mega” forces: political and social power. The practice of megamarketing has considerably evolved with the changing times -- considering the increasingly significant role of society, preventive interventions, and political forces. Business enterprises can apply megamarketing by (1) better understanding the political and social landscape, (2) integrating relevant organizational functions, and (3) addressing the issues that restrict market access.

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