scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИХ РЕЖИМІВ В ПРИСТРОЯХ ЕЛЕКТРОПОБУТОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
О. П. Бурмістенков ◽  
С. А. Демішонкова ◽  
О. М. Степанчук
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption ◽  
Uniform Temperature Field ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Hair Styling

The  aim  of  the  work  is  to  improve  the  work  of  hair  styling  devices,  which  is  aimed  at increasing  the  efficiency  of  hair  styling  under  the  action  of  sufficiently  high  temperatures  with  the  least damage to it. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the relationship between the physical properties  of  hair  and  temperature  regimes  of  curling  was  analyzed;  experimentally  investigated  the distribution of curling temperature during heating and cooling; the distribution of the temperature of the curling iron when heated with dry hair and with moist hair was experimentally studied. Methodology. The methods of mathematical modeling, methods of mathematical physics, methods of experimental researches with processing of results of experiment by means of a modern software product and computer equipment are used in the work. Findings. Analytical and experimental studies have shown the need for a uniform temperature field on the surface of the work surface to achieve the desired result. The necessity of temperature regulation in devices for work with hair is proven. Originality.  The  possibility  of  using  the  installation  for  experimental  evaluation  of  temperature control  in  devices  for  working  with  hair  is  substantiated,  which  will  significantly  increase  the  time  of continuous operation of the device and reduce electricity consumption. Practical value.  A stand for research and analysis of different temperature regimes of electrical appliances has been developed. The thermostat circuit for temperature control in devices for work with hair is applied. It has been proven that you need to choose the temperature in relation to the condition and type of hair, so as not to cause great harm. Due to its small size, economic and technical indicators, this stand is easy to use when studying the temperature conditions in devices for working with hair in the work space, which contributes to more modern and demonstrative training. It is proposed to use the two-position law of temperature regulation for the surfaces of the working bodies.

scholarly journals Heat pump systems: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Temori ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption

In this work, a mini review of heat pumps is presented. The work is intended to introduce a technology that can be used to income energy from the natural environment and thus reduce electricity consumption for heating and cooling. A heat pump is a mechanical device that transfers heat from one environmental compartment to another, typically against a temperature gradient (i.e. from cool to hot). In order to do this, an energy input is required: this may be mechanical, electrical or thermal energy. In most modern heat pumps, electrical energy powers a compressor, which drives a compression - expansion cycle of refrigerant fluid between two heat exchanges: a cold evaporator and a warm condenser. The efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP), of a heat pump is defined as the thermal output divided by the primary energy (electricity) input. The COP decreases as the temperature difference between the cool heat source and the warm heat sink increases. An efficient ground source heat pump (GSHP) may achieve a COP of around 4. Heat pumps are ideal for exploiting low-temperature environmental heat sources: the air, surface waters or the ground. They can deliver significant environmental (CO2) and cost savings.

Influence of Temperature Fields on the Quality of Dried Wood Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Olena Pinchevska ◽  
Andriy Spirochkin ◽  
Denys Zavialov ◽  
Rostislav Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wood Heating

The reasons of white spots appearance in the middle of oak timber are determined. These white spots reduce the cost of the lamina made of oak timbers - the front covering of floorboards. It is proposed to intensify the drying process by using oscillating drying schedules to avoid this defect. A method for calculating the duration of such drying is proposed. This method includes the peculiarities of heating and cooling periods kinetics of oak timbers with 25 mm and 30 mm thickness. The inexpediency of using the oscillation of the drying agent parameters in the range of wood moisture content below 20% has been established. An adequate model for calculating wood temperature and air humidity during wood heating and cooling periods has been developed using heat and mass transfer criteria and experimentally determined oak wood moisture conductivity coefficient. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies oscillating drying schedules of different thickness oak timbers are offered. Tests of the proposed schedules in industrial conditions showed no discoloration of the central layers of European oak (Quercus robur) timbers. The drying process duration was reduced by 1.5–2.4 times and energy consumption were reduced by 1.53 times.

scholarly journals Dynamic Autonomous Identification and Intelligent Lighting of Moving Objects with Discomfort Glare Limitation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7243
Author(s):  
Sebastian Słomiński ◽  
Magdalena Sobaszek
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Projection Image ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Dynamic Lighting

The importance of reducing discomfort glare during the dynamic development of high luminance LEDs is growing fast. Smart control systems also offer great opportunities to reduce electricity consumption for lighting purposes. Currently, dynamic “intelligent” lighting systems are a rapidly developing field. These systems, consisting of cameras and lighting units, such as moving heads or multimedia projectors, are powerful tools that provide a lot of opportunities. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the possibilities of using the projection light in dynamic lighting systems that enable the reduction of discomfort glare and the light pollution phenomenon. The proposed system allows darkening or reducing the luminance of some sensitive zones, such as the eyes or the head, in real-time. This paper explores the development of the markerless object tracking system. The precise identification of the position and geometry of objects and the human figure is used for dynamic lighting and mapping with any graphic content. Time measurements for downloading the depth maps, as well as for identifying the human body’s position and pose, have been performed. The analyses of the image transformation times have been carried out in relation to the resolution of the images displayed by the projector. The total computation time related to object detection and image display translates directly into the precision of fitting the projection image to a moving object and has been shown.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC/BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM: AN HOURLY ESTIMATION BASED APPROACH AND A REAL LIFE CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Görkem Üçtuğ ◽  
Vedat Can Baltalı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
System Size ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Battery Energy

This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul, Turkey, as a case study. The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household. No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes. The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%. The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes. It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased, it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency, and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/or with lower annual electricity consumption, can reach zero net grid dependency. However, the feasibility indicator, which is the payback period, turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios. The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regulations in Turkey, which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid. In order to overcome this situation, regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes, thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.

scholarly journals Influence of different temperature regimes at torrefaction of chicken litter on yield and properties of products

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Olga Larina ◽  
Yana Pudova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Chicken Litter

The purpose of the research is study the influence of the torrefaction process on the fuel properties of the chicken litter. Experimental studies on lab-scale system at five temperature regimes of torrefaction (220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 °C) with a holding time determined using thermogravimetric analysis were conducted. The products of the torrefaction are solid residue, non-condensable gases, and tar. For the feedstock and torrefied material the elemental composition, the lower calorific value, hygroscopicity limit and bulk density are determined. For liquid fraction the analysis of the chemical composition is carried out. The properties of non-condensable gases as chemical composition and calorific value - are investigated. Mass yields of the solid residue and tar, and specific volume yield of the non-condensable gases are presented. The conclusion about the optimum temperature regime for torrefaction of chicken litter based on the results of experimental studies is made.

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