scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of the new drug Penox-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Batyrova ◽  
M.S. Saypullaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Foam Layer ◽  
Slaked Lime

The physicochemical properties of the substances included in the composition of the new disinfectant Penox-1 have been studied. Assessment of its disinfecting properties of veterinary in-spection objects, with the study of solubility in water and sodium chloride, surface tension of solutions, stability and adhesion of foam on vertical and ceiling test surfaces in laboratory conditions. At the initial stage, the temperature dependence of the solubility of slaked lime in water was es-tablished. It was determined by the change in the activity of OH- ions as the temperature of the over-saturated solution of slaked lime increased. Distilled water was used as a solvent. The solubility of slaked lime was also studied by adding 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 10.0 % sodium chloride solution. The experi-ments were carried out according to the method "On the procedure for testing new disinfectants for veterinary practice (1987)". Assessment with the study of the surface tension of solutions, resistance and adhesion of foam was carried out at the Institute of Physics, DSCRAN, also according to the indi-cated method. As a result of the experiments, it was found that with an increase in water temperature, the sol-ubility of slaked lime in it decreases. Adding 1 and 3% sodium chloride solution to a 90 % solution of slaked lime, the solubility increases by 2.15 and 2.2 times, respectively. With an increase in sodium chloride content to 5%, the solubility of hydrated lime begins to decrease. The presence in the solution of 20 % slaked lime and 3 % sodium chloride solution, 5 % foaming agent (PO-6k) reduces surface ten-sion and increases foam stability. It was also found that the thickness of the foam layer depends on the type of surface. The critical thickness of the foam layer on vertical surfaces was from 1 to 4 cm, on the ceiling – from 2 to 7 cm. The stability of the foam depends on its concentration in the solution. The foam content up to 5–6 % in the solution increased the resistance on vertical surfaces up to 16 minutes, and on ceiling surfaces up to 18 minutes.

A few clinical aspects of sodium homeostasis disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (38) ◽  
pp. 1488-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Sulyok
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Homeostasis ◽  
Maintenance Fluid

In this review three major issues of sodium homeostasis are addressed. Specifically, volume-dependent (salt-sensitive) hypertension, sodium chloride content of maintenance fluid and clinical evaluation of hyponatremia are discussed. Regarding volume-dependent hypertension the endocrine/paracrine systems mediating renal sodium retention, the relationship between salt intake, plasma sodium levels and blood pressure, as well as data on the dissociation of sodium and volume regulation are presented. The concept of perinatal programming of salt-preference is also mentioned. Some theoretical and practical aspects of fluid therapy are summarized with particular reference to using hypotonic sodium chloride solution for maintenance fluid as opposed to the currently proposed isotonic sodium chloride solution. Furthermore, the incidence, the aetiological classification and central nervous system complications of hyponatremia are presented, too. In addition, clinical and pathophysical features of hyponatremic encephalophathy and osmotic demyelinisation are given. The adaptive reactions of the brain to hypotonic stress are also described with particular emphasis on the role of brain-specific water channel proteins (aquaporin-4) and the benzamil-inhibitable sodium channels. In view of the outmost clinical significance of hyponatremia, the principles of efficient and safe therapeutic approaches are outlined. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1488–1497.

DISINFECTION EFFECTIVENESS OF SLAKED LIME WITH NATRIUM CHLORIDE

1970 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
M. S. Saypullaev ◽  
A. M. Batyrova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Smooth Surfaces ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Veterinary practice constantly needs highly effective, environmentally friendly, economically viable, non-specific means of protecting of animals from infectious diseases. It is known that various disinfectants are used for disinfection by irrigation, including: 5% hot solution of soda ash, 3% hot emulsion of disinfecting creolin, 1-2% formaldehyde solution, 2% sodium hydroxide solution, 5% chloramine solution, 1% glutaric solution aldehyde and others, calculation 0.5-1.0 l/m2 of the surface of the objects of veterinary surveillance. The disadvantage of these disinfectants is that many of them are toxic for humans and animals, have very irritating actirn on the respiratory tract, as well as the mucous membranes of the eyes. Also is known a disinfectant calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) of 10-20% concentration for the disinfection of objects of veterinary surveillance. This tool in comparison with the above mentioned is not particularly toxic and environmentally unsafe for the environment. The disadvantage of slaked lime is the low bactericidal activity against infectious diseases of the 1,2,3 category of resistance. It was found that 10% and 15% solutions do not disinfect Escherichia coli (pcs. 1257) and Staphylococcus aureus (pcs. 209 r), and 20% solution of hydrated lime disinfects Escherichia coli only after cross-application in 3 hours on smooth surfaces (stainless steel, galvanized iron, tile) and after 24 hours on rough surfaces (wood, concrete), at the rate of 1.0 l/m2. To increase the bactericidal and disinfection activity, 1.3 and 5% sodium chloride solution was added to a solution of 20% slaked lime. In this case, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are formed, which can increase the disinfection activity by increasing the ionic strength of slaked lime solution. As experiments showed, the addition of 1% solution of sodium chloride in 20% solution of hydrated lime contributed to the disinfection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 3 hours of exposure at rate of 0.5 l/m2, and rough -for 3 hours, at a rate of 1.0 l/m2. When 3% sodium chloride solution was added to 20% slaked lime solution, disinfection of smooth surfaces from Escherichia coli occurred in 1 hour, on rough surfaces in 3 hours at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 l/m2, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was disinfected on smooth surfaces in 3 hours at a rate of 0.5 l/m2, and on rough surfaces in 3 hours at a rate of 1.0 l/m2.

scholarly journals The use of Robinia pseudoacacia L fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in the protection of copper-based objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Pourzarghan ◽  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Green Inhibitor

AbstractThe most important inhibitors used in bronze disease are BTA and AMT. While these inhibitors control corrosion, they are toxic and cancerous. In this study, the acacia fruit extract (200 ppm to 1800 ppm) was used to the prevention of corrosion inhibition of bronze alloy in corrosive sodium chloride solution 0.5 M, for 4 weeks consecutively. The Bronze alloy used in this research, was made based on the same percentage as the ancient alloys (Cu-10Sn). IE% was used to obtain the inhibitory efficiency percentage and Rp can be calculated from the resistance of polarization. SEM–EDX was used to evaluate the surfaces of alloy as well as inhibitory. The experiment was conducted in split plot design in time based on the RCD in four replications. ANOVA was performed and comparison of means square using Duncan's multiple range test at one percent probability level. The highest rate of corrosion inhibition (93.5%) was obtained at a concentration of 1800 ppm with an increase in the concentration of the extract, corrosion inhibition also increased, i.e., more bronze was prevented from burning. Also, the highest corrosion inhibitory activity of Acacia extract (79.66) was in the second week and with increasing duration, this effect has decreased. EDX analysis of the control sample matrix showed that the amount of chlorine was 8.47%wt, while in the presence of corrosive sodium chloride solution, after 4 weeks, the amount of chlorine detected was 3.20%wt. According to the morphology (needle and rhombus) of these corrosion products based on the SEM images, it can be said, they are the type of atacamite and paratacamite. They have caused bronze disease in historical bronze works. The green inhibitor of Acacia fruit aqueous extract can play an effective role in inhibiting corrosion of bronze, but at higher concentrations, it became fungal, which can reduce the role of Acacia fruit aqueous extract and even ineffective. To get better performance of green inhibitors, more tests need to be done to improve and optimize.

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