Estimation and measurement of the automobile pollution : application to Bejaia case

In this paper, we present the estimate and results of measurement of air pollution in Béjaia city in Algeria. We used an enclosure of 0,80 m3 for the collection of gases directly on the outlet side of the tailpipe of the vehicles. A three-gas detector (MX21 plus), introduced inside the enclosure, measures the rates of carbon monoxide CO, sulphur dioxide SO2 and nitric monoxide NO. We studied the exhaust pollutants according to the age of the vehicle (1980 – 2004) and the acceleration of the engine. Measurements related to a sample of 204 vehicles using gasoline or diesel oil fuel. The comparison between the rejections and the standards European, American and Japanese norms encourages us to challenge the authorities on the urgency of the introduction of the vehicle inspection and technical control. Except the new vehicles (less than 5 years old), where the results are comparable, the others exceed largely the standards. We have counted the number of vehicles passing through the Daouadji square during one month (March 2004) and calculated the total pollution rejected. The comparison with the air pollution measured in situ confirmed that urban pollution is primarily from automobile sources. On the curve of the weekly evolution of the air pollution the days and peak hours of the automobile traffic appear clearly. The correlation with the number of vehicles is very significant (0,78). By taking account of the annual rate of increase in the number of vehicles and keeping the current park without adequate maintenance, a statistical model envisages an unbearable urban pollution near 2010.

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Advanced Diesel Oil Fuel Processor Development

10.21236/ada172750 ◽

1986 ◽

Author(s):

A. P. Murray

Keyword(s):

Diesel Oil ◽

Fuel Processor ◽

Oil Fuel

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Ni–supported palm oil fuel ash catalyst (Ni–POFA) from in situ glycine-nitrate combustion for methane cracking

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/736/4/042010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 736 ◽

pp. 042010

Author(s):

N H E Hanifa ◽

A Ideris ◽

M Ismail

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Methane Cracking ◽

Oil Fuel ◽

Glycine Nitrate Combustion

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Mapping of dispersion of urban air pollution using remote sensing and in-situ monitoring data

10.1117/12.627775 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Zoran ◽

L. F. V. Zoran

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Urban Air Pollution ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Data ◽

Urban Air

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REKONSTRUKSI BIROKRASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH PENGUJIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN (Study tentang Birokrasi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor pada Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah)

Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum ◽

10.26532/jph.v1i2.1471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Imam Sudrajat

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Legal Theory ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Department Of Transportation ◽

Problem Statement ◽

Progressive Taxation ◽

Central Java ◽

Vehicle Inspection ◽

Feasibility Testing ◽

Oil Fuel

Implementation of Bureaucracy in testing at the Motor Vehicle Department of Transportation District/town in Central Java is not based on the value of justice due to the Problem Statement that occur in relation to services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles is not only a service procedure, but the commitment of employees to carry out services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles less reflect fairness and transfaransi. Servicing and testing the feasibility of a motor vehicle cannot fully satisfy the community because people's understanding of the feasibility of testing services of motor vehicles, apparently not all of them know and understand procedurally. To perform reconstruction Bureaucracy, used Progressive Legal Theory equitable, with steps taken by the privatization Motor Vehicle Inspection, Supervision improve the effectiveness, efficiency and transfer of oil fuel sources, restrictions on vehicle age and vehicle progressive taxation.

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High-precision quasi-continuous atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements at Trainou tower (Orléans forest, France)

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-7-2283-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2283-2296 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Schmidt ◽

M. Lopez ◽

C. Yver Kwok ◽

C. Messager ◽

M. Ramonet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Measurements ◽

Atmospheric Measurements ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Gas Detector ◽

Sampling Height ◽

The Mean ◽

Drying System ◽

Gas Measurements ◽

Television Tower

Abstract. Results from the Trainou tall tower measurement station installed in 2006 are presented for atmospheric measurements of CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, CO, H2 mole fractions and radon-222 activity. Air is sampled from four sampling heights (180, 100, 50 and 5 m) of the Trainou 200 m television tower in the Orléans forest in France (47°57'53" N, 2°06'45" E, 131 m a.s.l.). The station is equipped with a custom-built CO2 analyser (CARIBOU), which is based on a commercial non-dispersive, infrared (NDIR) analyser (Licor 6252), and a coupled gas chromatography (GC) system equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) and a flame ionization detector (FID) (HP6890N, Agilent) and a reduction gas detector (PP1, Peak Performer). Air intakes, pumping and air drying system are shared between the CARIBOU and the GC systems. The ultimately achieved short-term repeatability (1 sigma, over several days) for the GC system is 0.05 ppm for CO2, 1.4 ppb for CH4, 0.25 ppb for N2O, 0.08 ppb for SF6, 0.88 ppb for CO and 3.8 for H2. The repeatability of the CARIBOU CO2 analyser is 0.06 ppm. In addition to the in situ measurements, weekly flask sampling is performed, and flask air samples are analysed at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) central laboratory for the same species as well for stable isotopes of CO2. The comparison between in situ measurements and the flask sampling showed averaged differences of 0.08 ± 1.40 ppm for CO2, 0.7 ± 7.3 ppb for CH4, 0.6 ± 0.6 ppb for N2O, 0.01 ± 0.10 ppt for SF6, 1.5± 5.3 ppb for CO and 4.8± 6.9 ppb for H2 for the years 2008–2012. At Trainou station, the mean annual increase rates from 2007 to 2011 at the 180 m sampling height were 2.2 ppm yr−1 for CO2, 4 ppb yr−1 for CH4, 0.78 ppb yr−1 for N2O and 0.29 ppt yr−1 for SF6. For all species, the 180 m sampling level showed the smallest diurnal variation. Mean diurnal gradients between the 50 m and the 180 m sampling level reached up to 30 ppm CO2, 15 ppm CH4 or 0.5 ppb N2O during nighttime whereas the mean gradients are smaller than 0.5 ppm for CO2 and 1.5 ppb for CH4 during afternoon.

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Effects of expression of p53 and Gadd45 on osmotic tolerance of renal inner medullary cells

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00518.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (2) ◽

pp. F341-F349 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Qi Cai ◽

Natalia I. Dmitrieva ◽

Joan D. Ferraris ◽

Luis F. Michea ◽

Jesus M. Salvador ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Knockout ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Wild Type ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Osmotic Tolerance ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Gene Knockout Mice ◽

Collecting Duct Cells ◽

Urinary Concentrating Ability

The response of renal inner medullary (IM) collecting duct cells (mIMCD3) to high NaCl involves increased expression of Gadd45 and p53, both of which have important effects on growth and survival of the cells. However, mIMCD3 cells, being immortalized by SV40, proliferate rapidly, which is known to sensitize cells to high NaCl, whereas IM cells in situ proliferate very slowly and survive much higher levels of NaCl. In the present studies, we have examined the importance of Gadd45 and p53 for survival of normal IM cells in their usual high-NaCl environment by using more slowly proliferating second-passage mouse inner medullary epithelial (p2mIME) cells and comparing cells from wild-type and gene knockout mice. Acutely elevating NaCl (and/or urea) reduces Gadd45a, but increases Gadd45b and Gadd45g mRNA, depending on the mix of NaCl and urea and the rate of increase of osmolality. Nevertheless, p2mIME cells from Gadd45b−/−, Gadd45g−/−, and Gadd45bg−/− mice survive elevation of NaCl (or urea) essentially the same as do wild-type cells. p53−/− Cells do not tolerate as high a concentration of NaCl (or urea) as p53+/+ cells, but urinary concentrating ability of p53−/− mice is normal, as is the histology of inner medullas from p53−/− and Gadd45abg−/− mice. Thus although Gadd45 and p53 may play roles in osmotically stressed mIMCD3 cells, we do not find that their expression makes an important difference, either for Gadd45 in slower proliferating p2mIME cells or for Gadd45 or p53 in normal inner medullary epithelial cells in situ.

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Air Pollution and Human Sperm Sex Ratio

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988317752608 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 907-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michał Radwan ◽

Emila Dziewirska ◽

Paweł Radwan ◽

Lucjusz Jakubowski ◽

Wojciech Hanke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Human Sperm ◽

Quality Data ◽

Aerodynamic Diameter ◽

Limited Data ◽

Study Population ◽

Air Quality Data

The present study was designed to address the hypothesis that exposure to specific air pollutants may impact human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. The study population consisted of 195 men who were attending an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 15–300 mln/ml (WHO, 2010). Participants represented a subset of men in a multicenter parent study conducted in Poland to evaluate environmental factors and male fertility. Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The Y:X ratio was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Air quality data were obtained from the AirBase database. In multivariate analysis the significant reduction was observed in the proportion of Y/X chromosome bearing sperm and exposure to particulate matter >10 μm in aerodynamic diameter PM10 ( p = .009) and particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter PM2.5 ( p = .023). The observed effects of a lower Y:X sperm chromosome ratio among men exposed to air pollution support the evidence that the trend of declining sex ratio in several societies over past decades has been due to exposure to air pollution; however due to limited data on this issue, the obtained results should be confirmed in longitudinal studies.

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Air pollution in towns in the United Kingdom

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1971.0048 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 269 (1199) ◽

pp. 503-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

National Survey ◽

Sulphur Dioxide ◽

Urban Pollution ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

The Past ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Different Parts

The daily observations of smoke and sulphur dioxide that have been taken over the past ten years at some 1200 sites throughout the United Kingdom for the National Survey of Air Pollution, have provided a great deal of information on pollution in towns. An examination of this material is made to assess changes that have been occurring in levels of pollution in relation to the changing pattern of fuel consumption, and is used in trying to forecast the position in the next 15 or 20 years. A comparison is also made between pollution in towns in different parts of the U.K. The question of what levels of pollution may be tolerated is also considered. The part that aerodynamicists, architects and town planners can play in reducing urban pollution is discussed and an attempt is made to see what guidance can be given to them so that as far as pollution is concerned, the new and renewed towns of the future may avoid the mistakes of the past and therefore not need the costly remedial measures that now have to be taken in towns built in the past.

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