Getting Averroes Wrong: Why Salman Rushdie Misunderstood the Role of Images and the Imagination in Medieval Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-260
2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-60
Author(s):  
Anselm Spindler

Abstract The history of prudence is often depicted as a history of loss. According to one version, the scientification of moral knowledge in medieval philosophy calls into question the role of prudence in moral action (Nussbaum 1978). And while Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) still tries to integrate prudence into a scientific framework of moral knowledge, the Salmantine theologian Francisco de Vitoria (1483–1546) eventually abandons this approach and excludes prudence from moral knowledge altogether (Fidora 2013). I would like to argue, however, that Vitoria plays a different role in this development: He does not exclude prudence from scientific moral knowledge but gives an integrated account that Aquinas lacks. But this integration comes at a price because he is eventually unable to explain how prudence allows an agent to deal with the problem of contingency in action.


Author(s):  
С.М. Марчукова

В методологии современного педагогического исследования принципы герменевтического круга и герменевтической спирали, с одной стороны, способствуют пониманию конкретного знания после предварительного ознакомления с тенденциями развития абстрактного научно-теоретического знания, с другой стороны, способны стать основными структурными элементами, связывающими педагогическую науку и практику (В. В. Краевский). В статье обоснована актуальность использования герменевтического метода для раскрытия эвристического потенциала философско-образовательного проекта Я. А. Коменского, его связи с философской традицией, основы которой заложены в философии и педагогике античности и средневековья. Использование метода герменевтический спирали, «витки» которой отражают связь наследия Коменского с педагогической мыслью этих эпох, позволяет понять, что методология комениологических исследований опирается не на педагогический опыт XVII века, а на фундаментальные основания педагогической науки. Современное осмысление места философско-образовательного проекта Коменского в контексте истории науки и образования способствует соединению двух линий в комениологических исследованиях — педагогической и психологической (Днепров, 1997), развитию эвристического и прогностического аспектов историко-педагогического знания (В. Г. Безрогов, Б. М. Бим-Бад, М. В. Богуславский, Э. Д. Днепров, И. А. Колесникова, Г. Б. Корнетов, А. С. Степанова и др.). В статье приведены примеры изучения трудов Я. А. Коменского разных лет с помощью принципов герменевтического круга и герменевтической спирали. Историко-научный контекст, позволяющий иллюстрировать ретроспективу тенденций дифференциации и интеграции в истории развития образования, определяет новизну исследования. Выявление «эвристичности герменевтического круга» (Ю. С. Сенько) для становления нового педагогического мышления и развития гуманитарного аспекта педагогических технологий составляет теоретическую и практическую значимость исследования для системы высшего педагогического образования и практики работы школы. Раскрытие эвристического потенциала философско-образовательного проекта Я. А. Коменского призвано способствовать развитию отечественной комениологии как одного из фундаментальных направлений историко-педагогической науки. The principles of the hermeneutic cycle and the hermeneutic spiral typical of modern pedagogical research ensure acquisition of practical knowledge through abstract, theoretical cognition and function as structural elements that secure connections between pedagogical theory and practice (V. V. Krayevsky). The article accounts for the relevance of employing the hermeneutic method to unveil the heuristic potential of J. A. Comenius’s philosophical and educational project, to highlight its rootedness in ancient and medieval philosophy and pedagogy. Employing the method of the hermeneutic spiral, whose turns highlight the connections between J. A. Comenius’ legacy and ancient and medieval pedagogy, one can realize that the methodology of comeniological research rests on the fundamental principles of pedagogy rather than on the principles of pedagogy of the 17th century. The modern interpretation of J. A. Comenius’ philosophical and educational project in the context of history of science and education contributes to the integration of pedagogical and psychological aspects of comeniological research (Dneprov, 1997), facilitates the development of the heuristic and prognostic aspects of history of pedagogy (V. G. Bezrogov, B. M. Bim-Bad, M. V. Boguslavsky, E. D. Dneprov, I. A. Kolesnikova, G. B. Kornetov, A. S. Stepanova and others). The article focuses on the application of the principles of the hermeneutic cycle and the hermeneutic spiral to the investigation of J. A. Comenius’s works. The novelty of the research is accounted for by the fact that the tendencies of differentiation and integration are viewed through the prism of historical context. The theoretical significance and the practical value of the research consist in the investigation of the heuristic potential of the hermeneutic cycle (Yu. S. Senko) for modern pedagogical thinking and further humanization of pedagogical technologies. The investigation of the heuristic potential of J. A. Comenius’ philosophical and educational project ensures the development of Russian comeniology as a branch of history of pedagogy


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Chris Barnham

Peirce’s semiotics is well known for advocating a triadic, rather than a dyadic, sign structure, but interpretations of how such a structure works in practice have varied considerably. This paper argues that the Peircean ‘object’ is central to understanding Peirce’s philosophical intent and that this element should be construed as a mediating element within the sign rather than as an originating source of it. This interpretation resonates with the fundamentally anti-dualist character of Peirce’s philosophy and it creates potential convergences with the medieval philosophy of Duns Scotus – which was so influential in Peirce’s thinking. Moreover, construal of the ‘object’ as a mediating entity within the sign highlights important parallels with Hegelian thought and the role of the ‘essence’ in the latter’s dialectics. It is argued, indeed, that Peirce’s triadic template for the sign has strong Hegelian roots. This substantially repositions Peirce’s semiotics; it becomes, as in Hegel’s dialectics, an account of concept formation. The over-arching framework in which this takes place, however, retains an adherence to Peirce’s empiricist background and so avoids the reliance on logic which is the defining characteristic of Hegel’s dialectical method.


Author(s):  
Nicola Montagna

Through the analysis of some texts recently published in English, this chapter aims to analyse the recent academic debate in the English-speaking world on the role of identity in the growth of consensus and diffusion of populist parties and movements. The first part of this study reconstructs the origins of the so-called identity politics, starting from the movements for the recognition of the 1980s and in particular from protests against the publication of the book The Satanic Verses of Salman Rushdie; the second part analyses the meaning of identity and the related concept of identity politics; the third part deals with some aspects of identity politics today and how the academic debate uses the category of white identity in relation to current populist politics; the chapter concludes with some critical reflections both on the use of the category of identity politics and on an interpretation of identity as a monolithic and homogeneous entity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Trousdale

Like his protean characters, Rushdie has changed dramatically over the course of his career. His shifting discussion of Islam’s internal diversity is exemplified by the brief possibility of a pluralist Islam in The Satanic Verses, by the idyllic past of anti-communitarian Kashmir in Shalimar the Clown, and by the catastrophic results when outsiders conflate these Islams with those of the fundamentalist Imam in The Satanic Verses or the Iron Mullah in Shalimar the Clown. But the shift from the novels to the memoir seems greater than the shifts within the novels, as Rushdie appears to reject the novels’ attempts at sympathy with his opponents. His treatment of Islam in Joseph Anton simplifies his own investigations of how religion, race, and cultural identity interpenetrate for moderate Muslims and atheists of Muslim descent, and the role of racism and xenophobia in solidifying “Islam” as an object of fear. This article tracks how Rushdie’s treatment of Islam as variously practised by individuals, Islam the global religion, and extremist terrorism are increasingly collapsed in The Satanic Verses, Shalimar the Clown, and Joseph Anton. The memoir suggests deep changes in Rushdie’s attitude.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Chysanti Arumsari

<p>As the concepts of “West” and “East are not only recognized in area studies, they are also known in the study of culture. Both concepts represent a culture, of which they are not always in agreement, but are often opposition, one against another. Shalimar the Clown, a novel by Salman Rushdie presents “West” and “East” using India for its main background. The research analysizes Boonyi Kaul Noman, one of the main characters, who shook the dichotomi of West against East within the paradigms of Orientalism and Occidentalism. The discussion on the construction of East defines the relationship between the locality and role of Boonyi in the family and in the society. At the same time, the construction of “West” covers the analysis of opinion, life and role of the main character. The cultural approach and Edward Said’s theory on Orientalism-Occidentalism (1978) are applied to analize and break the dynamic of the concepts of “East” and “West.”</p>


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document