Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate Injection

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1018-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Lugo ◽  
Milap C. Nahata

OBJECTIVE: Premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequently are treated with intravenous dexamethasone for their chronic lung disease. The injection volumes of the commercially available products often are too small to measure accurately. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability over 28 days of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 4 mg/mL diluted with bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% to 1 mg/mL. DESIGN: Ten vials of dexamethasone 1 mg/mL were prepared from dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, USP 4 mg/mL and bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% injection. Five vials were stored at 4 °C and five at 22 °C. Dexamethasone was measured on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 by an accurate, reproducible, and stability-indicating HPLC method. Samples were also inspected visually for precipitation or discoloration on each study day. RESULTS: The samples retained at least 97.7 percent of the original concentration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate when stored at either 4 or 22 °C for 28 days. No discoloration or precipitation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 1 mg/mL in bacteriostatic NaCl 0.9% was stable for 28 days at 4 and 22 °C.


2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Perks ◽  
John Iazzetta ◽  
Pak Cheung Chan ◽  
Athina Brouzas ◽  
Shirley Law ◽  
...  

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Sodium phosphate injection is used to treat moderate to severe hypophosphatemia. There have been no published reports documenting the physical compatibility or chemical stability of sodium phosphate injection in IV solutions.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the physical compatibility and chemical stability of 30 and 150 mmol/L solutions of phosphate, prepared from sodium phosphate injection, in 5% dextrose in water (D5W) and in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline [NS]) and stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags at 23°C or 4°C over 63 days.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> On study day 0, solutions of phosphate 30 and 150 mmol/L in D5W or NS were prepared in PVC bags and stored at 4°C and 23°C. On prespecified days during the 63-day study period, the concentrations of sodium and phosphate were determined, and admixture weight was checked to assess moisture loss during storage without a plastic overwrap. Chemical stability was calculated from the intersection of the lower 95% confidence limit of the degradation rate and the lower limit of acceptability (90%) for concentration remaining.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The analytical methods for both sodium and phosphate were found to be precise (coefficient of variation averaging less than 1% for pre-study validation samples). Both sodium and phosphate retained more than 94% of the initial concentration over the 63-day study period. With 95% confidence, the time to achieve 90% of the initial concentration of both sodium and phosphate approached or exceeded the 63-day study period, regardless of temperature, concentration, or base solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Sodium phosphate solutions at a phosphate concentration of 30 or 150 mmol/L in either NS or D5W retained more than 94% of the initial concentration of both sodium and phosphate over 63 days when stored at 23°C or 4°C. In compliance with United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter &lt;797&gt; recommendations, a beyond-use date of 14 days (with refrigeration) or 48 h (room temperature) may be applied. Extending the beyond-use date beyond these limits may be considered, if a validated sterility test is performed.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte :</strong> Le phosphate de sodium injectable est employé pour traiter l’hypophosphatémie modérée et grave. À ce jour, aucun rapport portant sur la compatibilité physique ou la stabilité chimique du phosphate de sodium injectable contenu dans les solutions intraveineuses n’a été publié.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objectif :</strong> Évaluer la compatibilité physique et la stabilité chimique de solutions de phosphate à des concentrations de 30 et de 150 mmol/L préparées à partir de phosphate de sodium injectable dilué dans du dextrose à 5 % dans l’eau (D5E) ou du chlorure de sodium à 0,9 % (solution physiologique salée [SP]) puis rangées dans des sacs de polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) à des températures de 4 °C ou de 23 °C pendant 63 jours.</p><p><strong>Méthodes :</strong> Au jour 0 de l’étude, les solutions de phosphate à des concentrations de 30 et de 150 mmol/L ont été préparées avec du D5E ou de la SP dans des sacs de PVC, puis entreposées à des températures de 4 °C ou de 23 °C. À des jours donnés pendant la période de 63 jours de l’étude, on a évalué les concentrations de sodium et de phosphate et l’on a pesé les mélanges pour vérifier la perte d’humidité pendant un entreposage n’utilisant pas de suremballage de plastique. La stabilité chimique était calculée au point d’intersection entre la limite inférieure de confiance à 95 % du taux de dégradation et la limite inférieure d’acceptabilité (90 %) de la concentration restante.</p><p><strong>Résultats :</strong> Les méthodes analytiques employées pour évaluer le sodium et le phosphate se sont révélées précises (coefficient de variation moyen inférieur à 1 % pour les échantillons aux fins de validation avant l’étude). Le sodium et le phosphate conservaient chacun plus de 94 % de leurs concentrations initiales pendant la période d’étude de 63 jours. Avec un niveau de confiance de 95 %, le temps nécessaire pour atteindre 90 % de la concentration initiale pour le sodium et pour le phosphate approchait ou dépassait les 63 jours de la période d’étude, peu importe la température, la concentration ou la solution de base.</p><p><strong>Conclusions :</strong> Les solutions de phosphate de sodium dont la concentration en phosphate est de 30 ou de 150 mmol/L, qu’elles soient à base de D5E ou de SP, conservaient plus de 94 % des concentrations initiales de sodium et de phosphate pendant 63 jours, qu’elles soient entreposées à des températures de 4 °C ou de 23 °C. Conformément aux recommandations contenues dans le chapitre &lt;797&gt; de la United States Pharmacopeia, une date limite d’utilisation de 14 jours (sous réfrigération) ou de 48 heures (à température ambiante) peut être utilisée. Allonger la date limite d’utilisation au-delà des bornes fixées par l’organisme américain peut être envisageable si une épreuve validée de stérilité est réalisée.</p>


2012 ◽  
Vol 1;15 (1;1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halena M. Gazelka

Background: Epidural injection of corticosteroids is a commonly used treatment for radicular pain. However, the benefits are often short lived, and repeated injections are often limited secondary to concerns of side effects from cumulative steroid doses. In addition, rare, catastrophic complications, including brain and spinal cord embolic infarcts have been attributed to particulate steroid injections. A previous study has shown that dexamethasone has less particulate than other corticosteroids, possibly reducing embolic risk. Furthermore, a recent study indicated that clonidine may be useful in the treatment of radicular pain when administered via epidural steroid injection. The combination of corticosteroid and clonidine is an intriguing, yet unstudied, alternative to traditional treatment. Objective: Our study examines whether mixing clonidine and various corticosteroids results in increased particle size or aggregation. Methods: Evaluations under light microscopy for particle size were made of samples of clonidine alone and clonidine mixed with equal parts of 3 corticosteroids solutions: dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension, and betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate injectable suspension. Four mL each of clonidine (100 μcg/ mL), clonidine (100 μcg/mL) + dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (4 mg/mL), clonidine (100 μcg/mL) + triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (40 mg/mL), and clonidine (100 μcg/mL) + betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate injectable suspension (6 mg/mL) were examined Their particle sizes were compared to measurements taken when each steroid solution was examined alone. Results: Clonidine was determined to be nonparticulate when examined by light microscopy. Clonidine mixed with equal parts of each of the 3 corticosteroids mentioned above did not result in increased clumping or increased particle size over each of the corticosteroids measured alone. Conclusion: Mixing clonidine with corticosteroids did not increase particulation compared to corticosteroids alone. Combining clonidine and corticosteroids for epidural injection may prove to be a useful treatment for radicular pain. The combination of these is unlikely to result in a solution that is more likely to cause embolic infarcts than the use of corticosteroids alone. Key words: steroid, epidural, clonidine, injection, particulate, aggregation


Author(s):  
L. W. Labaw

Crystals of a human γGl immunoglobulin have the external morphology of diamond shaped prisms. X-ray studies have shown them to be monoclinic, space group C2, with 2 molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are a = 194.1, b = 91.7, c = 51.6Å, 8 = 102°. The relatively large molecular weight of 151,000 and these unit cell dimensions made this a promising crystal to study in the EM.Crystals similar to those used in the x-ray studies were fixed at 5°C for three weeks in a solution of mother liquor containing 5 x 10-5M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 0.03% glutaraldehyde. They were postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 15 min. and embedded in Maraglas the usual way. Sections were cut perpendicular to the three crystallographic axes. Such a section cut with its plane perpendicular to the z direction is shown in Fig. 1.This projection of the crystal in the z direction shows periodicities in at least four different directions but these are only seen clearly by sighting obliquely along the micrograph.


Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Robert D. Yates

Extra-adrenal chromaffin organs (abdominal paraganglia) constitute rich sources of catecholamines. It is believed that these bodies contain norepinephrine exclusively. However, the present workers recently observed epinephrine type granules in para- ganglion cells. This report investigates catecholamine containing granules in rabbit paraganglia at the ultrastructural level.New Zealand white rabbits (150-170 grams) were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg Nembutal (IP) and perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M sodium phosphate, pH 7.3. The retroperitoneal tissue blocks were removed and placed in perfusion fluid for 4 hours. The abdominal paraganglia were dissected from the blocks, diced, washed in phosphate buffer and fixed in 1% osmic acid buffered with phosphate. In other animals, the glutaraldehyde perfused tissue blocks were immersed for 1 hour in 3% glutaraldehyde/2.5% potassium iodate buffered as before. The paraganglia were then diced, separated into two vials and washed in the buffer. A portion of this tissue received osmic acid fixation.


Author(s):  
G.J. Spector ◽  
C.D. Carr ◽  
I. Kaufman Arenberg ◽  
R.H. Maisel

All studies on primary neural degeneration in the cochlea have evaluated the end stages of degeneration or the indiscriminate destruction of both sensory cells and cochlear neurons. We have developed a model which selectively simulates the dystrophic changes denoting cochlear neural degeneration while sparing the cochlear hair cells. Such a model can be used to define more precisely the mechanism of presbycusis or the hearing loss in aging man.Twenty-two pigmented guinea pigs (200-250 gm) were perfused by the perilymphatic route as live preparations using fluorocitrate in various concentrations (15-250 ug/cc) and at different incubation times (5-150 minutes). The barium salt of DL fluorocitrate, (C6H4O7F)2Ba3, was reacted with 1.0N sulfuric acid to precipitate the barium as a sulfate. The perfusion medium was prepared, just prior to use, as follows: sodium phosphate buffer 0.2M, pH 7.4 = 9cc; fluorocitrate = 15-200 mg/cc; and sucrose = 0.2M.


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