Microsatellite analysis of chromosomes from the fifth homoeologous group in the introgressive Triticum aestivum/Amblyopyrum muticum wheat lines

The physical length of the rye segment of a 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and found to be 16% of the long arm. The size of this translocation was similar to previously published GISH measurements of another 4BS.4BL–5RL translocation in a Triticum aestivum 'Viking' wheat background. Molecular maps of both 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations for 2 different wheat backgrounds were developed using RFLP analysis. The locations of the translocation breakpoints of the 2 4BS.4BL–5RL translocations were similar even though they arose in different populations. This suggests a unique property of the region at or near the translocation breakpoint that could be associated with their similarity and spontaneous formation. These segments of rye chromosome 5 also contain a gene for copper efficiency that improves the wheat's ability to cope with low-copper soils. Genetic markers in these maps can also be used to screen for copper efficiency in bread wheat lines derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1 2-4-7.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat–rye translocation, homoeologous group 4, homoeologous group 5, GISH, comparative map, copper efficiency, hairy peduncle.

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Colour genes (R and Rc) for grain and coleoptile upregulate flavonoid biosynthesis genes in wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g05-026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 747-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Eiko Himi ◽

Ahmed Nisar ◽

Kazuhiko Noda

Keyword(s):

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

R Gene ◽

Homoeologous Group ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Grain Color ◽

Group 3 ◽

Significant Expression ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Pigmentation of wheat grain and coleoptile is controlled by the R gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3 and the Rc gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 7, respectively. Each of these genes is inherited monogenically. The pigment of grain has been suggested to be a derivative of catechin-tannin and that of coleoptile to be anthocyanin. These polyphenol compounds are known to be synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We isolated 4 partial nucleotide sequences of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR) in wheat. The expression of these genes was examined in the developing grain of red-grained and white-grained wheat lines. CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR were highly upregulated in the grain coat tissue of the red-grained lines, whereas there was no significant expression in the white-grained lines. These results indicate that the R gene is involved in the activation of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes. As for coleoptile pigmentation, all 4 genes were expressed in the red coleoptile; however, DFR was not activated in the white coleoptile. The Rc gene appears to be involved in DFR expression. The possibility that wheat R and Rc genes might be transcription factors is discussed.Key words: flavonoid biosynthesis genes, R gene for grain color, Rc gene for coleoptile color, wheat.

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The Cre1 and Cre3 Nematode Resistance Genes Are Located at Homeologous Loci in the Wheat Genome

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.12.1129 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1129-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

John de Majnik ◽

Francis C. Ogbonnaya ◽

Odile Moullet ◽

Evans S. Lagudah

Keyword(s):

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Diagnostic Marker ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Near Isogenic Lines ◽

Leucine Rich Repeat ◽

Homoeologous Group ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Group 2 ◽

Conserved Gene ◽

Wheat Lines

Differential responses in host-nematode pathotype interactions occur in wheat lines carrying different cereal cyst nematode resistance (Cre) genes. Cre1, located on chromosome 2B, confers resistance to most European nematodes and the sole Australian pathotype, while Cre3, present on chromosome 2D, is highly resistant to the Australian patho-type and susceptible to a number of European pathotypes. Genes encoding nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins that cosegregate with the Cre3 locus cross hybridize to homologues whose restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns distinguish near-isogenic Cre1 nematode-resistant wheat lines. Genetic mapping showed that the NBS-LRR gene members that distinguished the Cre1 near-isogenic lines were located on chromosome 2BL at a locus, designated Xcsl107, that cosegregates with the Cre1 locus. A haplotype of NBS-LRR genes from the Xcsl107 locus provides a diagnostic marker for the presence of Cre1 nematode resistance in a wide collection of wheat lines and segregating families. Genetic analysis of NBS-LRR haplo-types that cosegregate with Cre1 and Cre3 resistance, together with flanking cDNA markers and other markers from homoeologous group 2 chromosomes, revealed a conserved gene order that suggests Cre1 and Cre3 are homeoloci.

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CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION IN CULTURED CALLUS CELLS FROM FOUR ANEUPLOID LINES OF THE HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP 5 OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM

The Japanese Journal of Genetics ◽

10.1266/jjg.50.283 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 283-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

HITOSHI ASAMI ◽

TAKIKO SHIMADA ◽

NOBUMICHI INOMATA ◽

MASASUKE OKAMOTO

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chromosome Constitution ◽

Homoeologous Group ◽

Group 5

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Inheritance of the blue aleurone trait in diverse wheat crosses

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-078 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 525-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

V. D. Keppenne ◽

P. S. Baenziger

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Genetic Marker ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Progeny Testing ◽

Seed Color ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Agropyron Elongatum ◽

Doubled Haploidy ◽

Wheat Lines

The blue aleurone trait has been suggested as a useful genetic marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little information is available on its transmission in diverse backgrounds and on its use to identify hybrid seed. UC66049, a hexaploid spring wheat with a spontaneous translocation that included the gene for the blue aleurone trait (Ba) from Agropyron elongatum (Host) P.B. (synonymous with Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub), was crossed to seven wheat cultivars to test the transmission of the trait. UC66049 was crossed to male-sterile red wheat lines to evaluate the blue aleurone trait as a marker for confirming hybridity. Ba segregated as a dominant gene that was transmitted normally through the male and female gametes. For 6 of 7 crosses with diverse pedigrees, we experienced problems with misclassification of the aleurone color in the F2 seed generation, determined by the F3 seed family data. The blue aleurone trait is a good genetic marker; however, progeny testing may be needed to confirm the F2 genotypes in some environments or genetic backgrounds. Moreover, Ba is useful in determining the amount of controlled hybridity as opposed to self-fertility and (or) outcrossing in genetic male-sterile wheat lines. The use of Ba to confirm doubled haploidy was proposed.Key words: Agropyron elongatum, seed color, genetics, Triticum aestivum, Elytrigia pontica.

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