flavonoid biosynthesis
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntao Xiao ◽  
Li Chu ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Yeting Bian ◽  
Jiahui Xiao ◽  
...  

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Singh ◽  
Hiteshwari Singh ◽  
Nivedita Singh ◽  
Shambhavi Dwivedi ◽  
Prabodh Kumar Trivedi

Plants have evolved complex signaling networks to regulate their growth and development. Some of these signaling components also play a crucial role in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Among the signaling components identified to date, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a bZIP family transcription factor is the most investigated and known as the center of transcriptional network hub. However, HY5 has not been characterized from plants known to synthesize important secondary metabolites. In this study, based on homology search and phylogenetic analysis, HY5 has been identified from Nicotiana tobaccum, and characterized for its role in secondary plant product biosynthesis and stress response through developing overexpressing lines and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants. NtHY5 was able to complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. Overexpression of NtHY5 in tobacco led to the up-regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway genes and enhanced the flavonoid content, whereas mutant plants had the opposite effect. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) suggested that NtHY5 interacts with the promoter of NtMYB12, a transcription factor known to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, NtHY5 enhanced the abiotic stress tolerance as evident by the salt tolerance ability of HY5 overexpressing lines by diminishing the ROS accumulation after salt treatment. These data provide credible evidence about the potential role of NtHY5 in light-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis, plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco. The photomorphogenic mutant, Nthy5, developed in this study, will help in elucidating the role of the HY5 in different biological processes in tobacco.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Chaochen Yang ◽  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
Xiaohua Yao ◽  
Yu Sheng ◽  
Chengcai Zhang ◽  
...  

Camellia oleifera (Ca. oleifera) is a woody tree species cultivated for the production of edible oil from its seed. The growth and yield of tea-oil trees are severely affected by anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). In this study, the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to detect the key transcripts and metabolites associated with differences in the susceptibility between anthracnose-resistant (ChangLin150) and susceptible (ChangLin102) varieties of Ca. oleifera. In total, 5001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 479 DEGs were common between the susceptible and resistant varieties and further analyzed. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in tyrosine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, 68 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, including flavonoids, such as epicatechin, phenethyl caffeate and procyanidin B2. Comparison of the DEGs and DAMs revealed that epicatechin, procyanidin B2 and arachidonic acid (peroxide free) are potentially important. The expression patterns of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis might play an important role in the fight against anthracnose. This study provides valuable molecular information about the response of Ca. oleifera to Co. gloeosporioides infection and will aid the selection of resistant varieties using marker-assisted breeding.


Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Tiantian Zhu ◽  
Minghui Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Su ◽  
Meiling Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  

Angelica sinensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has been primarily used as a blood tonic. It largely relies on its bioactive metabolites, which include ferulic acid, volatile oils, polysaccharides and flavonoids. In order to improve the yield and quality of A. sinensis, the two cultivars Mingui 1 (M1), with a purple stem, and Mingui 2 (M2), with a green stem, have been selected in the field. Although a higher root yield and ferulic acid content in M1 than M2 has been observed, the differences of flavonoid biosynthesis and stem-color formation are still limited. In this study, the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometer, the differences of flavonoids and transcripts in M1 and M2 were conducted by metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, and the expression level of candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanins were 1.5- and 2.6-fold greater in M1 than M2, respectively. A total of 26 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs) with 19 up-regulated (UR) and seven down-regulated (DR) were obtained from the 131 identified flavonoids (e.g., flavonols, flavonoid, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) in M1 vs. M2. A total 2210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the 34,528 full-length isoforms in M1 vs. M2, and 29 DEGs with 24 UR and 5 DR were identified to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, with 25 genes (e.g., CHS1, CHI3, F3H, DFR, ANS, CYPs and UGTs) mapped on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and four genes (e.g., RL1, RL6, MYB90 and MYB114) belonging to transcription factors. The differential accumulation level of flavonoids is coherent with the expression level of candidate genes. Finally, the network of DAFs regulated by DEGs was proposed. These findings will provide references for flavonoid production and cultivars selection of A. sinensis.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Luo ◽  
Sha Luo ◽  
Yaqi Fu ◽  
Chen Kong ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  

MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation is involved in various physiological processes in plants. Flower color is one of the vital ornamental traits of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). However, the yellow-flowered tree peony cultivars are particularly rare. To elucidate the miRNA-mediated gene regulatory mechanism underlying yellow pigmentation in tree peony, we combined pigment assessment, miRNA identification, expression analysis, and gene functional verification in two contrasting flower color cultivars “High Noon” and “Roufurong.” Flavones/flavonols and anthocyanins were found to be the main contributors to the coloration of “High Noon” and “Roufurong” petals, respectively. Subsequently, miRNA analysis based on available genome data identified 9 differentially expressed miRNAs and 12 relevant target genes implicated in flavonoid biosynthesis. Their dynamic expression patterns determined the key role of mdm-miR156b-PsSPL2 module in yellow pigmentation of tree peony flowers. The sequence analysis and subcellular localization validated that PsSPL2 might function as a nuclear-localized transcription factor. Overexpression of PsSPL2 in tobacco resulted in a decrease of anthocyanin content and down-regulation of NtF3′H and NtDFR transcripts. PsSPL2-silenced petals exhibited lighter yellow color, and the contents of THC, Ap, and Ch decreased significantly. Meanwhile, expression levels of PsCHS, PsCHI, and PsF3H were significantly decreased in the petals with PsSPL2 silencing, while those of PsF3′H and PsDFR were remarkably increased. This study offers a novel insight into yellow pigmentation-related miRNA regulation network in tree peony, and further provides the valuable information on physiological changes during yellow coloring process of tree peony.


2022 ◽  
pp. 110948
Author(s):  
Yaqiong Wu ◽  
Chunhong Zhang ◽  
Zhengjin Huang ◽  
Lianfei Lyu ◽  
Weilin Li ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Meiling Li ◽  
Xiuwen Cui ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Mengfei Li ◽  
Jianhe Wei

Plant Direct ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyoung Um ◽  
Joohee Choi ◽  
Taehyeon Park ◽  
Pil Joong Chung ◽  
Se Eun Jung ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
E. A. Krylova ◽  
A. S. Mikhailova

Flavonoids play a crucial role in plant metabolism. Many of them have antioxidant activity, and they are also pigments that render a variety of colors to plant tissues. Foods rich in flavonoid compounds are considered as functional components of a healthy diet. Currently, there is an increased interest in studying genetic mechanisms underlying the coloration of plants. Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways are controlled by two groups of genes. Structural genes encode enzymes, while regulatory genes are responsible for transcription factors that activate the expression of structural genes. Transcription factors that belong to R2R3-Myb, bHLH-Myc and WDR families form the ternary MBW complex, which is involved in regulating the expression of structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. The mechanisms of regulation of the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by the MBW complex are described in detail for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. This review summarizes data on the regulation of phenolic pigment biosynthesis and the features of phenolic pigment accumulation in plant tissues in the main representatives of the Phaseoleae tribe: soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L., adzuki bean Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi, and cowpea V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. The species discussed in this review are the most important food legumes in many countries of the world and they comprise the staple food in diets of millions of people. Identification and characterization of the genes controlling the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways are necessary for successful breeding of modern varieties with an increased dietary value. Identification of the flavonoid accumulation patterns is essential for solving the problem of broadening the diversity of plant products.


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