After-exercise thermography compared to strain-gauge plethysmography and venous pressure measurements to detect deep venous insufficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
A. Lindhagen ◽  
D. Bergqvist ◽  
T. Hallbook ◽  
B. Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography

Mercury Strain-Gauge Plethysmography Venous Mode: Non-Invasive Technique of Choice in Vascular Pathology

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Barroy ◽  
D. Munck ◽  
E. Paturiaux ◽  
M. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Mercury Strain Gauge

Mercury strain-gauge plethysmography venous mode is a non-invasive technique for exploration of the haemodynamics of the extremities. The plethysmographic parameters used are: (1) the venous inflow (in ml/100 ml/min); (2) the venous outflow (in ml/100 ml/min); (3) the venous capacity in ml/100ml; (4) the venous distensibility index in ml/100 ml/ mmHg; and (5) the venous pressure measured by ‘hysteresis curve’. This method permits us to analyse the venous haemodynamics of both extremities simultaneously (the normal limb serving as the control), to obtain a precise diagnosis and to appreciate the efficacy of treatment at follow-up. The aetiology of the swollen limb can be precisely identified in 95% of the studied cases: oedema in superficial venous insufficiency, oedema in the deep venous insufficiency, oedema of inflammatory origin, oedema in the arterial insufficiency, oedema of cardiac origin, lymphoedema. During the last 3 years, we have followed up 580 patients with this method.

scholarly journals Validation of the Supine Venous Pump Function Test: A New Non-Invasive Tool in the Assessment of Deep Venous Insufficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. H. Janssen ◽  
J. A. H. R. Claassen ◽  
W. N. J. C. Van Asten ◽  
H. Wollersheim ◽  
M. J. M. De Rooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Function Test

1. A new non-invasive test was developed to assess calf muscle pump function: the supine venous pump function test. The technique uses strain-gauge plethysmography and is performed in the supine position. The method is superior to other non-invasive methods because basically the most essential haemodynamic parameter, venous pressure decrease, is used by properly converting venous volume measurements into venous pressure. The validity of this test was established by comparison with invasive venous pressure measurements and by determining the reproducibility. Additionally, normal values were determined. 2. In 28 extremities the supine venous pump function test was performed simultaneously with invasive venous pressure measurements. The reproducibility of the test was assessed in 10 randomly chosen volunteers. In 34 volunteers normal values were obtained and 26 patients with clinical venous insufficiency were examined. 3. Comparison of the two methods revealed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.98 (P < 0.001). A mean difference of 3.9%pf between both methods was found with limits of agreement of − 6.3%pf to 14.1%pf. The coefficient of repeatability was 13%pf and the coefficient of variation was 9%. The normal range was found to be >60%pf. The mean pump function in the patient group was 45%pf. 4. The limits of agreement are small enough to be confident that the supine venous pump function test can be used instead of invasive venous pressure measurements to assess calf muscle pump function in clinical practice. The reproducibility of the test is good.

Non-Invasive Measurement of Venous Muscle Pump Function in the Supine Position

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. L. van Gerwen ◽  
A. J. M. Brakkee ◽  
J. P. Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Leg Movements

Objective: A new non-invasive procedure for testing venous muscle pump function in the horizontal position is presented. Design: The test is based on an indirect method we use for measuring ambulatory venous pressure by means of strain-gauge plethysmography. Setting: University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Patients: The results of 28 limbs of 20 patients with deep venous insufficiency are compared with 32 limbs of 16 healthy volunteers. Interventions: The same test is performed in all patients and volunteers: in the supine position a raised venous pressure in the limb is induced by venous congestion. The reduction in venous volume after standardized leg movements is measured by strain-gauge plethysmography and, with an additionally obtained pressure-volume relation, this volume reduction is converted into a pressure reduction. Main outcome measure: The reduction by standardized leg movements of an increased venous pressure is a measure for calf muscle pump function. Results: The mean pressure reduction in the patient group was 47% (standard deviation (SD) = 8%), in the healthy group 77% (SD = 6%). Conclusions: The new ‘supine venous pump function test’ is a promising method for measuring the function of the deep veins. Since the whole procedure is performed in the horizontal positon, the method offers several important advantages.

Interface Pressure under Elastic Stockings with Compression Pads during Posture Changes and Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Elastic Stockings ◽  
College Of Nursing

Objective: To quantify the influence of posture and exercise on the interface pressure obtained under elastic stockings with compression pads. Design: Interface pressure measurement and plethysmographic evaluation of elastic stockings with and without compression pads. Setting: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan. Main outcome measures: Pressure measurements in 24 volunteers were obtained beneath elastic stockings, elastic bandages and short-stretch bandages during supine resting, standing, tip-toe exercise and walking, and the effect of elastic stockings on the muscle pump of the leg was evaluated by strain-gauge plethysmography in 40 limbs with varicose veins. Results: Without compression pads, only short-stretch bandages showed a significant increase in pressure during standing and exercise. When pads were used, however, elastic stockings and bandages also showed a significant increase. With pads, significant improvement in the expelled volume during exercise was observed by strain-gauge plethysmography. Conclusions: Interface pressure under elastic materials during posture and exercise is similar to that under short-stretch bandages when compression pads are used, and pads effectively augment the muscle pump.

Frequency of Isolated Superficial Venous Incompetence in Patients with Venous Ulcers as Measured by Ambulatory Strain-Gauge Plethysmography

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hansson ◽  
J. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcer ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcers ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Venous Ulcers

Objective: Identification of isolated superficial venous incompetence (SVI) in patients with clinically diagnosed venous leg ulcers using a computerized strain-gauge plethysmograph. Design: Ambulatory leg ulcer patients were assessed as to the clinical diagnosis. Diagnoses other than venous ulceration were excluded. Setting: Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Patients: One hundred and fourteen patients (133 legs) with venous leg ulcers were investigated. Main outcome measures: All patients were also investigated by measuring systolic ankle and arm pressure measurements. The ankle/arm (AI) was below 0.9 in 22 of the 133 ulcerated legs. Results: Of the 111 ulcerated legs with an AI>0.9, 10% had an isolated SVI. Conclusions: Isolated SVI is an important cause of venous leg ulcer development. Strain-gauge plethysmography is an inexpensive screening method, and is easy to use. Further examination with the more exact, but also more expensive and time-consuming, colour duplex should be performed in selected cases.

Changes in microvascular fluid filtration capacity during 120 days of 6° head-down tilt

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christ ◽  
J. Gamble ◽  
V. Baranov ◽  
A. Kotov ◽  
A. Chouker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Fluid Homeostasis ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Filtration Capacity

We used venous congestion strain gauge plethysmography (VCP) to measure the changes in fluid filtration capacity ( K f), isovolumetric venous pressure (Pvi), and blood flow in six volunteers before, on the 118th day (D118) of head-down tilt (HDT), and 2 days after remobilization (Post). We hypothesized that 120 days of HDT cause significant micro- and macrovascular changes. We observed a significant increase in K f from 3.6 ± 0.4 × 10−3 to 5.7 ± 0.9 × 10−3ml · min−1 · 100 ml−1 · mmHg−1 (+51.4%; P < 0.003), which returned to pretilt values (4.0 + 0.4 × 10−3ml · min−1 · 100 ml−1 · mmHg−1) after remobilization. Similarly, Pvi increased from 13.4 ± 2.1 mmHg to 28.9 ± 2.8 mmHg (+105.8%; P < 0.001) at D118 and was not significantly different at Post (12.4 ± 2.6 mmHg). Blood flow decreased significantly from 2.3 ± 0.3 to 1.3 ± 0.2 ml · min−1 · 100 ml tissue−1 at D118 and was found elevated to 3.4 ± 0.7 ml · min−1 · 100 ml tissue−1at Post. We believe that the increased K f is caused by a higher microvascular water permeability. Because this may result in edema formation, it could contribute to the alterations in fluid homeostasis after exposure to microgravity.

Low Compression, High Gradient Stockings in Patients with Venous Insufficiency: Effect on the Musculo-Venous Pump, Evaluated by Strain Gauge Plethysmography

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Struckmann
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Compression Stocking ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
High Gradient ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Superficial Venous Insufficiency

In a prospective study 17 patients with superficial venous insufficiency were treated with a high gradient low compression stocking for a period of 6 weeks. The effect upon the musculo-venous pump was evaluated by ambulatory calf strain gauge plethysmography and compared to improvements in symptoms and clinical findings. The immediate effect of the stockings was a significant 22% reduction in venous reflux and 43% increase of the expelled volume. Moreover, an effect after 6 weeks (with the stockings applied during all daytime hours) was found even after the stockings were removed. This reduction of venous reflux of 30% and increase in expelled volume of 29% were statistically significant. Symptoms and objective findings were simultaneously improved. Finally the stockings were found to increase the maximal venous outflow by 27%.

A three-parameter model for the venous pressure volume relation of the lower leg

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
H van Langen
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Stiffness Constant ◽  
Volume Relation

Objectives: To derive a three-parameter model for the curvilinear venous pressure volume relation of the lower leg, and to test its consistency. Methods: A model with venous pressure at rest (P0, mmHg), the venous compliance at P0 (C0, %/mmHg) and the venous stiffness constant ( k, 1/%) was derived. With strain gauge plethysmography the venous pressure volume relations of both legs at the mid-calf and at the ankle region were measured and fitted in 120 consecutive patients in the supine position. Results: No difference was observed between the mid-calf P0 (right 8.1 ± 2.2, left 8.4 ± 2.1) nor between ankle P0 (right 10.1 ± 2.3, left 10.0 ± 2.1). A significant pressure difference of -1.8 mmHg was found between mid-calf and ankle. Leg side differences were not observed for either C0 at the ankle (right 0.36 ± 0.29, left 0.49 ± 0.85) or in the mid-calf region (right 0.54 ± 1.1, left 0.46 ± 1.0). Differences for the leg region but not for the leg side were found for k (mid-calf right 0.54 ± 0.38, left 0.64 ± 0.52, ankle right 1.32 ± 0.66 and left 1.33 ± 0.65). Conclusion: The model demonstrated provided a proper description of the curvilinear venous pressure volume relation.

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