Ambulatory strain-gauge plethysmography and blood volume scintimetry for quantitative assessment of venous insufficiency

In a prospective study 17 patients with superficial venous insufficiency were treated with a high gradient low compression stocking for a period of 6 weeks. The effect upon the musculo-venous pump was evaluated by ambulatory calf strain gauge plethysmography and compared to improvements in symptoms and clinical findings. The immediate effect of the stockings was a significant 22% reduction in venous reflux and 43% increase of the expelled volume. Moreover, an effect after 6 weeks (with the stockings applied during all daytime hours) was found even after the stockings were removed. This reduction of venous reflux of 30% and increase in expelled volume of 29% were statistically significant. Symptoms and objective findings were simultaneously improved. Finally the stockings were found to increase the maximal venous outflow by 27%.

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Assessment of Venous Insufficiency using Photoplethysmography: A Comparison to Strain Gauge Plethysmography

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331978503601106 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 795-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Masafumi Hirai ◽

Mayumi Yoshinaga ◽

Ryu Nakayama

Keyword(s):

Strain Gauge ◽

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Strain Gauge Plethysmography

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Ambulatory Strain Gauge Plethysmography: Correlation to Symptoms and Skin Changes in Patients with Venous Insufficiency

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835558700200204 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jan Reinhold Struckmann

Keyword(s):

Strain Gauge ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Venous Return ◽

Return Time ◽

Present Material ◽

Skin Changes ◽

Muscle Pump ◽

Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽

Normal Controls

Ambulatory strain gauge plethysmography (ASPG) is one of several different methods applicable in the quantification of venous insufficiency. The present material demonstrates a correlation between this muscle pump quantification and symptoms in patients with venous insufficiency. Patients with few symptoms differed in their muscle pump values from those with many symptoms. A correlation was demonstrated between skin changes and the measured degree of pump dysfunction. In 81 patients and eight normal controls, the diagnostic validity of ambulatory strain gauge plethysmography was calculated. The predictive value of a negative test (PVneg) for RT (venous return time) was 0.94 and for EV (expelled volume) 0.75. Correspondingly the predictive value of a positive test (PVpos.) was found to be 1.0 for RT and 1.0 for EV.

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Mercury Strain-Gauge Plethysmography Venous Mode: Non-Invasive Technique of Choice in Vascular Pathology

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835558700200112 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.P. Barroy ◽

D. Munck ◽

E. Paturiaux ◽

M. Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Strain Gauge ◽

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Vascular Pathology ◽

Hysteresis Curve ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽

Precise Diagnosis ◽

Mercury Strain Gauge

Mercury strain-gauge plethysmography venous mode is a non-invasive technique for exploration of the haemodynamics of the extremities. The plethysmographic parameters used are: (1) the venous inflow (in ml/100 ml/min); (2) the venous outflow (in ml/100 ml/min); (3) the venous capacity in ml/100ml; (4) the venous distensibility index in ml/100 ml/ mmHg; and (5) the venous pressure measured by ‘hysteresis curve’. This method permits us to analyse the venous haemodynamics of both extremities simultaneously (the normal limb serving as the control), to obtain a precise diagnosis and to appreciate the efficacy of treatment at follow-up. The aetiology of the swollen limb can be precisely identified in 95% of the studied cases: oedema in superficial venous insufficiency, oedema in the deep venous insufficiency, oedema of inflammatory origin, oedema in the arterial insufficiency, oedema of cardiac origin, lymphoedema. During the last 3 years, we have followed up 580 patients with this method.

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The Effect of the Lastosheer Stocking on Venous Insufficiency

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835559100600307 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karin Grønbæk ◽

Ann Lise Rasmussen ◽

Jan Struckmann ◽

F.R. Mathiesen

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Strain Gauge ◽

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Venous Return ◽

Return Time ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽

Group A ◽

Superficial Venous Insufficiency

A controlled study on the effect of the newly introduced Lastosheer stocking on superficial venous insufficiency, assessed by ambulatory strain-gauge plethysmography and clinical evaluation, is presented. Seventeen patients were wearing the stockings for 6 weeks and 13 served as controls. The effect was assessed by ambulatory strain-gauge plethysmography (i.e. the venous return time and expelled volume) and by an improvement in symptoms. In the stocking group a significant reduction in complaints of fullness, cramps and swelling was reported, whereas no improvement was reported in the control group. Moreover, the venous return time was significantly increased after 6 weeks in the stocking group, even after the stocking was removed from the leg. No significant change in expelled volume was found. In the control group no changes were noted, neither in return time nor in expelled volume.

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Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis by Combination of Doppler Ultrasound Flow Examination and Strain Gauge Plethysmography

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657149 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (02) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H Bounameaux ◽

B Krähenbühl ◽

S Vukanovic

Keyword(s):

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Strain Gauge ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽

Deep Vein

SummaryDoppler ultrasound flow examination, strain gauge plethysmography and contrast venography were performed in 160 lower limbs of 80 in-patients. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was suspected in 87 limbs. Using measurement of venous stop-flow pressure, the Doppler method had an overall sensitivity of 83%. By combined use of Doppler and Plethysmography, sensitivity was increased to 96%. Specificity was 62% and 51%, respectively. With a positive and a negative predictive value of 80% and 73%, respectively, the combination of both non-invasive methods cannot reliably replace venography in the diagnosis of DTV, although all (40/40) thromboses proximal to or involving the popliteal segment were detected by either Doppler and Plethysmography or both.After exclusion of 14 patients (18%) suffering from conditions known to alter the results of these non-invasive methods, the positive predictive value of abnormal findings in both Doppler and Plethysmography was increased to 94% for suspected limbs, whilst negative predictive value of both negative Doppler and Plethysmography was 90%, allowing the avoidance of venography in these patients.

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