The Role of Counterfactual Thinking on Attitudes Toward ADHD Medication Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Ramos ◽  
Brittney Becker ◽  
Julie A. Biemer ◽  
Lindsay Clark ◽  
Sherecce Fields ◽  
...  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahan S. Ali ◽  
Melissa B. Cahoon ◽  
Mark S. Rye ◽  
Tarika Daftary

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Galéra ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault ◽  
Grégory Michel ◽  
Manuel-Pierre Bouvard ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
...  

BackgroundThe impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood.AimsTo assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use.MethodSurvival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort. The sample (n = 1920) was assessed from age 5 months to 10 years. Measures of children's psychiatric symptoms, parenting practices and social characteristics available at baseline and during follow-up were used to identify individual and family-level features associated with subsequent use of ADHD medication.ResultsUse of ADHD medication ranged from 0.2 to 8.6% between ages 3.5 to 10 years. Hyperactivity–inattention was the strongest predictor of medication use (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.75, 95% CI 2.35–3.22). Among all social variables examined, low maternal education increased the likelihood of medication use (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.38–3.18) whereas immigrant status lowered this likelihood (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.92).ConclusionsBeyond ADHD symptoms, the likelihood of receiving ADHD medication is predicted by social variables and not by psychiatric comorbidity or by parenting. This emphasises the need to improve global interventions by offering the same therapeutic opportunities (including medication) as those received by the rest of the population to some subgroups (i.e. immigrants) and by diminishing possible unnecessary prescriptions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Krabbe ◽  
E.D. Thoutenhoofd ◽  
M. Conradi ◽  
S.J. Pijl ◽  
L. Batstra

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Novak ◽  
Larry A. Kroutil ◽  
Rick L. Williams ◽  
David L. Van Brunt

Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Robbennolt ◽  
Valerie P. Hans

This chapter explores the psychology of causal reasoning and the implications of this psychology for tort law. The chapter surveys what is known about counterfactual thinking, a process that is at the heart of the but-for test of causation. In addition, the chapter explores the multiple challenges that decision makers face in making causal inferences in complex real-world settings. These include evaluating the contributions of multiple causal factors, evaluating causation in the context of a background risk of harm, identifying the particular source of a harm, and assessing causes that are part of broader causal chains. The chapter raises questions about the role of legal advocacy in defining competing causal accounts and the counterfactual potency of those accounts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292097771
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kenney-Riley ◽  
Shari Salzhauer Berkowitz ◽  
Kimberly Rapoza

The current study examines depression and pain as potential contributors to patient-provider discordance in the assessment of lupus disease activity. The study conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance registry, with N = 859 adolescent participants. Assessments of pain, disease activity, and antidepressant medication use were collected from the patient and provider. Results indicated that depression might be underdiagnosed in pediatric lupus patients. While psychotropic medication and pain scores were independently related to greater patient-provider discordance regarding health status, pain mediated this relationship. Implications for treatment outcomes are discussed.


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