The Late Cretaceous floras of the Zeya-Bureya Basin

Palaeobotany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 5-47
Author(s):  
L. B. Golovneva ◽  
T. M. Kodrul ◽  
E. V. Bugdaeva
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Floral Evolution ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Bureya Basin

A general characterization of the Late Cretaceous floras of the Zeya-Bureya Basin is provided based on floristic assemblages from Russia (Amur Region) and China (Heilongjiang Province). Four phases of floral evolution were revealed: the Turonian-Coniacian (the Sutara flora), the Santonian (the Yong’ancun and Middle Kundur floras), the Campanian (the Taipinglinchang and Late Kundur floras) and the late Maastrichtian (Bureya flora). This long paleofloral succession provides possibility for investigation of different trends in the evolution of the Late Cretaceous taxa, flora, and climate.

Why Does Rationality Matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Wedgwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
External World ◽  
Dutch Book ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Internal Rationality

Internalism implies that rationality requires nothing more than what in the broadest sense counts as ‘coherence’. The earlier chapters of this book argue that rationality is in a strong sense normative. But why does coherence matter? The interpretation of this question is clarified. An answer to the question would involve a general characterization of rationality that makes it intuitively less puzzling why rationality is in this strong sense normative. Various approaches to this question are explored: a deflationary approach, the appeal to ‘Dutch book’ theorems, the idea that rationality is constitutive of the nature of mental states. It is argued that none of these approaches solves the problem. An adequate solution will have to appeal to some value that depends partly on how things are in the external world—in effect, an external goal—and some normatively significant connection between internal rationality and this external goal.

Practical Steps and Reasons for Action

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Reasons For Belief ◽  
The Real ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Practical Inference

There is an idea, going back to Aristotle, that reasons for action can be understood on a parallel with reasons for belief. Not surprisingly, the idea has almost always led to some form of inferentialism about reasons for action. In this paper I argue that reasons for action can be understood on a parallel with reasons for belief, but that this requires abandoning inferentialism about reasons for action. This result will be thought paradoxical. It is generally assumed that if there is to be a useful parallel, there must be some such thing as a practical inference. As we shall see, that assumption tends to block the fruitful exploration of the real parallel. On the view I shall defend, the practical analogue of an ordinary inference is not an inference, but something I shall call a practical step. Nevertheless, the practical step will do, for a theory of reasons for action, what ordinary inference does for an inferentialist theory of reasons for belief. The result is a general characterization of reasons, practical and theoretical, in terms of the correctness conditions of the relevant sorts of step.

scholarly journals Teorías y actitudes escépticas en la Antigüedad

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. García González
Keyword(s):  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
General Characterization

RESUMENSe expone en este trabajo una panorámica del escepticismo antiguo, en sus tres fromas más notables: pirronismo, probabilismo y fenomenismo. Después se procede a una caracterización general del escepticismo y se glosa la interpretación hegeliana del mismo.PALABRAS CLAVEESCEPTICISMO, FILOSOFÍA GRIEGAABSTRACTIt is exposed in this work a panoramic of the old scepticism, in their three more remarkable forms: pirronism, probabilism and phenomenism. The you proceeds to a general characterization of the scepticism and is glossed the interpretation hegeliana of the scepticism.KEYWORDSSCEPTICISM, GREEK PHILOSOPHY

scholarly journals Methodological Frames: Paul Bernays, Mathematical Structuralism, and Proof Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 352-382
Author(s):  
Wilfried Sieg
Keyword(s):  
Proof Theory ◽  
Incompleteness Theorem ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Mathematical Structuralism ◽  
Mathematical Experience

Mathematical structuralism is deeply connected with Hilbert and Bernays’s proof theory and its programmatic aim to ensure the consistency of all of mathematics. That aim was to be reached on the basis of finitist mathematics. Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem forced a step from absolute finitist to relative constructivist proof-theoretic reductions. This mathematical step was accompanied by philosophical arguments for the special nature of the grounding constructivist frameworks. Against that background, this chapter examines Bernays’s reflections on proof-theoretic reductions of mathematical structures to methodological frames via projections. However, these reflections are focused on narrowly arithmetic features of frames. Drawing on broadened meta-mathematical experience, this chapter proposes a more general characterization of frames that has ontological and epistemological significance. The characterization is given in terms of accessibility: domains of objects are accessible if their elements are inductively generated, and principles for such domains are accessible if they are grounded in our understanding of the generating processes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Two Mitochondrial Gene Sequences of Strobilocercus Fasciolaris in the Livers of Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Heilongjiang Province in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengnian Zhao ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Yanchen Wu ◽  
Kexin Zhou ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Gene Sequences

Rodents constitute the largest and most successful group of mammals worldwide. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are one of the most common rodent species, and they serve as intermediate hosts of Hydatigera taeniaeformis. Although there have been a few studies reporting on the presence of the larval form of H. taeniaeformis (strobilocercus fasciolaris) in brown rats worldwide, little information is available on the genetic characterization of this parasite, with no molecular data from China. Therefore, from April 2014 to March 2016, this study was carried out to understand the prevalence and genetic characters of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats captured in Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. The livers of brown rats were collected and examined for the presence of cysts. Each cyst was identified based on morphological observation: the larvae with the naked eye and the scolexes under a microscope. The results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) genes. At the investigated sites, 11.8% (13/110) of the brown rats were infected with strobilocercus fasciolaris. Based on sequence analysis, there were 10 and six haplotypes regarding the cox1 and the nad4 loci, with 24 and 42 polymorphic sites, respectively (degree of intraspecific variation: 0.3%–4.4% and 0.6%–4.7%, respectively). Twelve nucleotide sequences (six of the 10 at the cox1 locus and all six at the nad4 locus) have not previously been described. Base differences in three of the six novel cox1 gene sequences and five of the six novel nad4 gene sequences caused amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analyses of the cox1 and nad4 gene sequences based on neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference trees indicated that all the strobilocercus fasciolaris isolates belonged to Hydatigera taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.). This is the first report on the genetic characterization of strobilocercus fasciolaris in brown rats in China. The findings of novel cox1 and nad4 nucleotide and amino acid sequences may reflect the region-specific genetic characterization of the parasite. The data will be useful to explore the biological and epidemiological significance of the intraspecific variation within H. taeniaeformis s.s.

Geochemical and elemental characterization of rostrum and alveolus parts of Belemnite fossil from the Late Cretaceous formation, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Mohan ◽  
Sugumar Vasudevan ◽  
Paramasivam Chellamuthu Ranganathan ◽  
Anandhan Narayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Elemental Characterization
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