scholarly journals Economic Policies to Curb Global Warming - A Case of Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norris Wangina
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Carbon Offset

<p>Global warming is a serious problem which requires an urgent solution. In economics context, economists believe that carbon pricing, specifically carbon tax and its mirror image, cap and trade, are the best options and they suggest all countries should use it to address global warming (Goulder & Schein, 2013). However, advantages and disadvantages of carbon pricing have often resulted in some countries accepting the idea and some rejecting it. Therefore, this literature explains how the carbon tax, and cap-and trade work; the probability of their success, specifically in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and how to attract countries that resist the idea of carbon pricing into implementing it. And finally, this article explains why a carbon offset scheme, under cap and trade, best fits developing countries and which Papua New Guinea can use to improve the lives of its citizens while, at the same time, reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. </p>

scholarly journals Economic Policies to Curb Global Warming - A Case of Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norris Wangina
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Carbon Offset

<p>Global warming is a serious problem which requires an urgent solution. In economics context, economists believe that carbon pricing, specifically carbon tax and its mirror image, cap and trade, are the best options and they suggest all countries should use it to address global warming (Goulder & Schein, 2013). However, advantages and disadvantages of carbon pricing have often resulted in some countries accepting the idea and some rejecting it. Therefore, this literature explains how the carbon tax, and cap-and trade work; the probability of their success, specifically in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and how to attract countries that resist the idea of carbon pricing into implementing it. And finally, this article explains why a carbon offset scheme, under cap and trade, best fits developing countries and which Papua New Guinea can use to improve the lives of its citizens while, at the same time, reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. </p>

scholarly journals Climate Change: A Comparison Of Market-Based Instruments From A South African Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Pillay ◽  
Pieter W Buys
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
African Context ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to consider the relevancy of (i) cap-and-trade schemes and (ii) carbon tax schemes in a developing economy context. Even though both schemes have a common goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, they operate very differently, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Sustainable developments comprise various elements categorised in three primary dimensions environmental, economic and social. The objective of reducing greenhouse gases via the implementation of carbon tax or cap-and-trade schemes primarily addresses the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the impact of both schemes on the economically sustainable development, including industry competitiveness and growth, still has to be determined. In South Africa, the National Treasury made a decision to implement carbon tax as opposed to cap-and-trade schemes. In this article, the reasoning behind their decision in favour of carbon tax in the South African context is critically considered, firstly by evaluating the key characteristics between cap-and-trade and carbon tax schemes and secondly by considering the effectiveness hereof in the global context. It was found primary reason behind the favourable consideration of carbon tax was the fact the implementation thereof would be simpler using the existing taxation systems, whereas cap-and-trade would require the implementation of sophisticated mechanisms that may not provide the optimum benefit in a developing economy context.

scholarly journals Demand for New Provinces in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mehran Latif
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Independent Commission

In this paper main objective is to discuss how demand of new provinces is important and what are best policies for government to resolve it? Ethno-lingual movements are rising for new provinces demand because at initial stage these demands were just for rights but with the passage of time changed due to political support. Also in this paper India’s policy for new provinces is discussed to tell that why there are many provinces and less conflict. For Pakistan’s new provinces advantages and disadvantages are briefly deliberated which can provide rationale to Pakistani government for making new provinces. At the end of paper a four tiers model for new provinces is elucidated, that model was used in Papua New Guinea. Pakistan by administration has same structure like Papua New Guinea. According to model there should be an independent commission or entity, Parliament and Ministries role for decision making. However, one day we have to make decision for new provinces either it is done earlier or later. Pakistan government should realign boundaries of all provinces with political consensus .An independent commission should form for new provinces which should frame basic criteria for current and new provinces for a permanent solution. Also it is recommended that a just principle in the form of a policy decision is the need of hour, taking on board all the parties, ensuring the division to satisfy the grievances of all stakeholders. The role of higher education in the progress of a society is indispensable. It shapes up the minds, mold behaviors and develops distinctive capabilities in the human being to serve the society better. Higher Education in the Arab World began to emerge and spread after the mid-twentieth century. There is a dearth of empirical research pertinent to the employee performance in general and employee performance in higher education. This condition had therefore illuminated a significant gap in the education sector of KSA that tends to focus on overall sectoral problems and organizational level problems in respect to job performance. Thus, the present study may contribute to the existing literature on Public Sector Universities in KSA through proposed a research model which has not received much attention.

scholarly journals Sustainability in Material Purchasing: A Multi-Objective Economic Order Quantity Model under a Cap and Trade System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Battini ◽  
Martina Calzavara ◽  
Ilaria Isolan ◽  
Fabio Sgarbossa ◽  
Francesco Zangaro
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Mitigation Policy ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Carbon Prices

Sustainability in material purchasing is a growing area of research. Goods purchasing decisions strongly affect transportation path flows, vehicle consolidation, inventory levels and related obsolescence costs. Within a global sourcing context, companies experience the need of new decision making approaches capable to consider a large variety of factors, also linked with society and environment. Environmental impact assessment has become a key requirement for materials purchasing and transportation decisions since global warming is a rising concern both in academic and industrial researches. In fact, it is well known that the freight transport industry is responsible for large amounts of carbon emissions contributing to global warming. In this paper, we initially analyse and compare the environmental economic policies established by the International Governments in relation to the carbon trading systems adopted. Then, we develop a multi-objective lot sizing approach useful in practice to define the sustainable quantity to purchase when a Cap and Trade mitigation policy is present. We further analyse the model behaviour according to different carbon price values by demonstrating that carbon prices are still far too low to motivate managers towards sustainable purchasing choices.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Lessons from the Mexican Carbon Tax Experience for the Mexican Cap-and-Trade System

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Belausteguigoitia ◽  
Vidal Romero ◽  
Alberto Simpser
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Change Policy

AbstractPrice-based climate change policy instruments, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems, are known for their potential to generate desirable results such as reducing the cost of meeting environmental targets. Nonetheless, carbon pricing policies face important economic and political hurdles. Powerful stakeholders tend to obstruct such policies or dilute their impacts. Additionally, costs are borne by those who implement the policies or comply with them, while benefits accrue to all, creating incentives to free ride. Finally, costs must be paid in the present, while benefits only materialize over time. This chapter analyses the political economy of the introduction of a carbon tax in Mexico in 2013 with the objective of learning from that process in order to facilitate the eventual implementation of an effective cap-and-trade system in Mexico. Many of the lessons in Mexico are likely to be applicable elsewhere. As countries struggle to meet the goals of international environmental agreements, it is of utmost importance that we understand the conditions under which it is feasible to implement policies that reduce carbon emissions.

Public Health in Papua New Guinea

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Denoon ◽  
Kathleen Dugan ◽  
Leslie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea
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