Varietal differences of seminal root angle among barley cultivars

Root Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Junpei KONISHI ◽  
Yuuki NAKANO ◽  
Hirotake ITOH ◽  
Takashi NAGAMINE
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Root ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

scholarly journals Selection in Early Generations to Shift Allele Frequency for Seminal Root Angle in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 170071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile Richard ◽  
Jack Christopher ◽  
Karine Chenu ◽  
Andrew Borrell ◽  
Mandy Christopher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

scholarly journals A toolkit to rapidly modify root systems through single plant selection

Plant Methods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rambla ◽  
Sarah Van Der Meer ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
Manar Makhoul ◽  
Christian Obermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Abstract Background The incorporation of root traits into elite germplasm is typically a slow process. Thus, innovative approaches are required to accelerate research and pre-breeding programs targeting root traits to improve yield stability in different environments and soil types. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can help to speed up the process by selecting key genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root traits. However, this approach is limited due to the complex genetic control of root traits and the limited number of well-characterised large effect QTL. Coupling MAS with phenotyping could increase the reliability of selection. Here we present a useful framework to rapidly modify root traits in elite germplasm. In this wheat exemplar, a single plant selection (SPS) approach combined three main elements: phenotypic selection (in this case for seminal root angle); MAS using KASP markers (targeting a root biomass QTL); and speed breeding to accelerate each cycle. Results To develop a SPS approach that integrates non-destructive screening for seminal root angle and root biomass, two initial experiments were conducted. Firstly, we demonstrated that transplanting wheat seedlings from clear pots (for seminal root angle assessment) into sand pots (for root biomass assessment) did not impact the ability to differentiate genotypes with high and low root biomass. Secondly, we demonstrated that visual scores for root biomass were correlated with root dry weight (r = 0.72), indicating that single plants could be evaluated for root biomass in a non-destructive manner. To highlight the potential of the approach, we applied SPS in a backcrossing program which integrated MAS and speed breeding for the purpose of rapidly modifying the root system of elite bread wheat line Borlaug100. Bi-directional selection for root angle in segregating generations successfully shifted the mean root angle by 30° in the subsequent generation (P ≤ 0.05). Within 18 months, BC2F4:F5 introgression lines were developed that displayed a full range of root configurations, while retaining similar above-ground traits to the recurrent parent. Notably, the seminal root angle displayed by introgression lines varied more than 30° compared to the recurrent parent, resulting in lines with both narrow and wide root angles, and high and low root biomass phenotypes. Conclusion The SPS approach enables researchers and plant breeders to rapidly manipulate root traits of future crop varieties, which could help improve productivity in the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. The newly developed elite wheat lines with modified root traits provide valuable materials to study the value of different root systems to support yield in different environments and soil types.

scholarly journals A Toolkit to Rapidly Modify Root Systems Through Single Plant Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rambla ◽  
Sarah Van Der Meer ◽  
Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽  
Manar Makhoul ◽  
Christian Obermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Abstract Background: The incorporation of root traits into elite germplasm is typically a slow process. Thus, innovative approaches are required to accelerate research and pre-breeding programs targeting root traits to improve yield stability in different environments and soil types. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can help to speed up the process by selecting key genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root traits. However, this approach is limited due to the complex genetic control of root traits and the limited number of well-characterised large effect QTL. Coupling MAS with phenotyping could increase the reliability of selection. Here we present a useful framework to rapidly modify root traits in elite germplasm. In this wheat exemplar, a single plant selection (SPS) approach combined three main elements: phenotypic selection (in this case for seminal root angle); MAS using KASP markers (targeting a root biomass QTL); and speed breeding to accelerate each cycle.Results: To develop a SPS approach that integrates non-destructive screening for seminal root angle and root biomass, two initial experiments were conducted. Firstly, we demonstrated that transplanting wheat seedlings from clear pots (for seminal root angle assessment) into sand pots (for root biomass assessment) did not impact the ability to differentiate genotypes with high and low root biomass. Secondly, we demonstrated that visual scores for root biomass were correlated with root dry weight (r = 0.73), indicating that single plants could be evaluated for root biomass in a non-destructive manner. To highlight the potential of the approach, we applied SPS in a backcrossing program which integrated MAS and speed breeding for the purpose of rapidly modifying the root system of elite bread wheat line Borlaug100. Bi-directional selection for root angle in segregating generations successfully shifted the mean root angle by 30o in the subsequent generation (P ≤ 0.05). Within 18 months, BC2F4:F5 introgression lines were developed that displayed a full range of root configurations, while retaining similar above-ground traits to the recurrent parent. Notably, the seminal root angle displayed by introgression lines varied more than 30° compared to the recurrent parent, resulting in lines with both narrow and wide root angles, and high and low root biomass phenotypes.Conclusion: The SPS approach enables researchers and plant breeders to rapidly manipulate root traits of future crop varieties, which could help improve productivity in the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. The newly developed elite wheat lines with modified root traits provide valuable materials to study the value of different root systems to support yield in different environments and soil types.

scholarly journals Variation in root system architecture among the founder parents of two 8-way MAGIC wheat populations for selection in breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shree Pariyar ◽  
Kerstin A Nagel ◽  
Jonas Lentz ◽  
Anna Galinski ◽  
Jens Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Root system architecture (RSA) is a target for breeding because of the interest to develop crops with roots that use nutrients and water more effectively. Breeding for RSA requires phenotypic diversity in populations amenable to QTL identification to provide markers for large breeding programs. This study examined the variation for root traits across the parents of two multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) wheat populations from NIAB and CSIRO for 16 days in an upgraded version of the non-invasive, germination paper-based phenotyping platform, GrowScreen-PaGe. Across all parents, total root length varied up to 1.90 fold, root biomass 2.25 fold and seminal root angle 1.16 fold. The CSIRO parents grew faster, exhibited slightly wider seminal root angle and produced larger root systems compared to NIAB parents. Lateral root lengths, leaf lengths and biomass contrasted most between fastest (Robigus - NIAB and AC Barrie - CSIRO) and slowest growing parents (Rialto - NIAB and G204 Xiaoyan54 - CSIRO). Lengths of lateral and total root, and leaf number and length had moderate to high heritability (0.30-0.67) and repeatability. Lengths of lateral roots and leaves are good targets for enhancing wheat crop establishment, a critical stage for crop productivity.

scholarly journals Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Anzooman ◽  
Jack Christopher ◽  
Yash P Dang ◽  
Julian Taylor ◽  
Neal W Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

Abstract Background and Aims High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils. Methods Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs (4, 10 and 17 %) and secondly in soils of three different bulk densities (1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 g cm–3) and ESP 10 %. Thirdly, seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle were determined for 16 genotypes grown in a soil of ESP 10 % and bulk density 1.2 g cm–2. Seminal root angle and coleoptile length measurements from the current study were compared with seedling emergence rate and force measured previously. Key Results The seedling coleoptile length of all genotypes decreased with increasing soil ESP and bulk density, but with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, seminal root angles differed significantly between genotypes, but were not significantly affected by ESP or bulk density. There was an inverse relationship between the seminal root angle of the 16 genotypes and seedling emergence rate (R2 = 0.89) and also between seminal root angle and seedling emergence force (R2 = 0.61). Conclusions Lack of significant variation in coleoptile length between genotypes suggests that this may not be a suitable characteristic to identify wheat tolerance to sodic conditions. However, a narrower seminal root angle was correlated with rate and force of seedling emergence, traits likely to improve establishment. The mechanism underlying this correlation is not yet clear. Genotypes with a narrow root angle had greater root depth. One possible mechanism might be that genotypes with narrow root angles were able to take up more soil moisture at depth, leading to a higher proportion of seedling emergence.

scholarly journals Terminal regions of chromosome arms 6AL and 6BL carry QTL affecting seminal root angle in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant Root ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Masahiko Mori ◽  
Atsushi Oyanagi ◽  
Emdadul Haque ◽  
Kentaro Kawaguchi ◽  
Hideho Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Seminal Root Angle

A comparative study of the total β-glucan contents of some Australian barleys

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Henry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Total P

The total P-glucan contents of 13 barley cultivars and 12 experimental barley lines were measured using an enzymic technique. The average P-glucan content of barley cultivars grown in 1981 and 1982 at two different sites ranged from 4.03% for Clipper to 5.26% for Malebo. The average values for the experimental lines varied from 4.12 to 5.12%. Total P-glucan was more closely related to grain hardness than to malt extract. For individual varieties P-glucan content increased with increasing grain nitrogen but the magnitude of varietal differences meant that there was no overall relationship between P-glucan and nitrogen.

Varietal differences in sodium uptake in barley cultivars exposed to soil salinity or salt spray

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gorham ◽  
R. Papa ◽  
M. Aloy-Lleonart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Barley Cultivars

A reliable screening system for aluminium tolerance in barley cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun Hossain ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
Neville Mendham
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Root Regrowth

Aluminium (Al) toxicity in the soil is an important factor that limits the production of barley in areas with acid soil. Selection and breeding of barley cultivars tolerant to Al toxicity is one of the most useful approaches to increase productivity. A reliable screening system is very important for selecting Al-tolerant plants in a breeding program. Using a hydroponic culture technique in which all the treatments were isolated in order to minimise complex interaction between genotypes, experiments were conducted to distinguish between susceptible and tolerant cultivars. Three different methods were investigated. Two previously reported methods could not provide consistent results or detect the difference between tolerant and susceptible cultivars. A new method was developed as follows: pre-germinated seedlings (2 days at 22°C) were cultured for 3 days in nutrient solution (Al free) followed by 24 h growing in a solution with 50 or 100 µm Al, and then 48 h regrowth in Al free nutrient solution. Following this method, seminal root regrowth length (SRRL) and relative seminal root regrowth length (RSRRL) showed significant differences between tolerant and sensitive cultivars. The SRRL of the most tolerant cultivar, Dayton, was 4–8 times greater than of the sensitive cultivars and about twice as long as of the other tolerant cultivars, FM404 and Brindabella. All the sensitive cultivars showed significantly shorter SRRL or RSRRL. Both SRRL and RSRRL were found to be closely correlated with plant height, plant dry weight, and grain weight in a soil-based experiment. This method was also used to evaluate F2 populations from crosses between tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Both SRRL and RSRRL gave results consistent with the hypothesis that the tolerance was controlled by a single dominant gene.

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