ДЕЗІНВАЗІЙНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ДЕЗІНФІКУЮЧИХ ЗАСОБІВ ВІДНОСНО ЯЄЦЬ НЕМАТОД TRICHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Є. С. Стародуб
Keyword(s):  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

Серед гельмінтозів гусей досить поширеними є інвазії, спричинені нематодами, що паразитуютьу шлунково-кишковому тракті птиці, до яких належить і трихостронгільоз. Лікувально-профілактичні заходи повинні виконуватися, зважаючи на особливості життєвого циклу трихо-стронгілюсів та бути спрямовані на ефективне знищення їх на різних стадіях розвитку. Серед нихнайбільш дієвими є проведення дезінвазії об’єктів птахівництва. Метою досліджень було встановити дезінвазійні властивості сучасних дезінфікуючих засобів відносно яєць нематод Trichostrongylus tenuis. Проведено експериментальне випробування в лабораторних умовах дезінфек-тантів за різних експозицій та концентрацій: віросану (ТОВ «БіоТестЛаб», Україна), дезсану (ТОВ «Бровафарма», Україна) та гермециду-ВС (ТОВ «Ветсинтез», Україна). Основним показником дії дезінфікуючих засобів відносно яєць нематод було значення їх дезінвазійної ефективності. Результати проведених досліджень свідчать про високий рівень дезінвазійної ефективності дезсану (94,87–100 %) відносно яєць трихостронгілюсів у 1–2 % концентраціях за експозицій 10, 30 та 60 хв. При використанні 0,5 % розчину дезсану його дезінвазійна ефективність залежно від експозиції ко-ливалася від 49,35 до 85,47 %. Засіб віросан проявив високий рівень дезінвазійної ефективності в концентрації 0,25 % за експозиції 60 хв. (91,26 %) та в концентрації 0,5 % за експозиції 10, 30 та 60 хв. (100 %). Незадовільний рівень дезінвазійної ефективності віросан проявив у 0,1 % концентрації за експозицій 10 та 30 хв. (41,60–53,63 %). Цей дезінфектант у концентрації 0,1 % (експозиція 60 хв.), 0,25 % (експозиція 10 та 30 хв) показав задовільний рівень дезінвазійної ефективності віднос-но яєць нематод (60,43–82,74 %). Засіб гермецид-ВС проявив високий рівень дезінвазійної ефективності (100 %) у концентраціях 0,25 % (експозиція 30 та 60 хв.) і 0,5 % (експозиція 10–60 хв.). Незадовільний рівень дезінвазійної ефективності (39,22–52,02 %) виявлено при застосуванні гермециду-ВС у концентрації 0,1 % (експозиція 10 та 30 хв.), а задовільний (63,06–84,63 %) – у концентраціях 0,1 та 0,25 % за експозицій 60 та 10 хв. відповідно. Отримані дані дозволяють реко-мендувати дезінфектанти віросан, дезсан та гермецид-ВС для дезінвазії об’єктів довкілля та птахівничих приміщень у боротьбі та профілактиці за наявності трихостронгільозу гусей.

The energetic consequences of parasitism: effects of a developing infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda) on red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) energy balance, body weight and condition

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Delahay ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
R. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Synchronous Development ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

SUMMARYThe timing of the energetic consequences of a developing, single-dose infection of Trichostrongylus tenuis larvae was investigated in captive red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. At 12 days post-infection (p.i.), infected birds had a resting metabolic rate 16% greater than controls and thenceforth lost weight at a faster rate than controls. At 16 days p.i. infected birds consumed 38% less energy and excreted 33% less energy than controls. The estimated total daily energy expenditure and energy expended on activity for infected birds at 16 days p.i. were 36% and 83% lower, respectively, than for controls. Infected birds lost condition from 16 days p.i. onwards. The period of energy imbalance at 12–16 days p.i. coincided with development of late 4th-stage larvae into adult worms and the onset of patency. After this, the effects on energy balance diminished. Synchronous development of previously arrested T. tenuis larvae in wild birds in spring probably has similar effects to those reported here and places grouse under conditions of energy imbalance. The observed effects on energy balance provide a possible mechanism by which the parasite can reduce fecundity and survival of infected grouse.

scholarly journals Distribution of trichostrongylosis of geese on the territory of Poltava region

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
V. О. Yevstafieva ◽  
Y. S. Starodub
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
Poultry Farming

Successful development of poultry farming can be achieved not only as a result of the creation of highly productive new breeds of geese, the improvement of diets for nutrients, but also in the conditions of stable epizootic well-being of infectious and invasive diseases. Parasitic diseases of domestic waterfowl account for a large proportion of other diseases and cause significant damage to geese farming. Among helminthiases of geese, infections caused by nematodes parasitizing in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, in particular Trichostrongylus tenuis, are quite common. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of trichostrongylosis among populations of domestic geese in the territory of Poltava region, Ukraine (Velyka Bahachka, Hlobyne, Hrebinka, Zinkiv, Karlivka, Poltava, Myrhorod, Shyshaky districts). The conducted scatoscopical studies showed that the average extensity and intensity of trichostrongylosic infestation was respectively 22.9 % and 89.7 ± 8.2 eggs per 1 g of poultry feces. Invasiveness in the region studied ranged from 17.2 to 26.7 % and from 20 to 380 eggs per 1 g of feces. At the same time, it was found out that the degree of affliction of domestic geese by the agent of trichostrongylosis in farms with different capacity and technology of keeping was significantly different. In individual farms and farms, the extensity and intensity of the invasion of geese is higher (24.4 % and 97.7 ± 10.7 eggs per 1 g of feces) than in the specialized geese farms (16.1 % and 70.3 ± 15.1 eggs in 1 g of feces). It has been found that goose trichostrongylosis is more frequently present in the mixinvasions of the digestive canal of the bird along with protosooses and nematodoses. Extensity of mixinvasions reaches 18.1 %, which is 78.9 % of the total number of patients at geese trichostrongylosis. Extensity of trichostrongylosic mono-invasion was 4.8 % (21.1 % of the total invasion of T. tenuis birds). The results of the conducted studies lead to a further, deeper study of the issues of epizootic features of trichostrongylosis of geese, taking into account the seasonal and age dynamics of invasion, as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Bayesian paternity analysis and mating patterns in a parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus tenuis

Heredity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C D Johnson ◽  
J D Hadfield ◽  
L M I Webster ◽  
A Adam ◽  
B K Mable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

No Evidence for Resistance to Fenbendazole in Trichostrongylus tenuis, a Nematode Parasite of the Red Grouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cox ◽  
David Newborn ◽  
David Baines ◽  
Christopher J. Thomas ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

Development and survival of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus tenuis, a caecal parasite of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Shaw ◽  
R. Moss ◽  
A. W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

SUMMARYIn the laboratory, yields of infective 3rd-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus tenuis were determined by temperature when moisture was adequate. On the moor, eggs in caecal faeces did not develop to infective larvae during the winter. In summer, development did occur and yields of infective larvae were related to temperature: greatest yields were obtained when mean monthly soil surface temperatures ranged between 76 and 103°C. Rainfall was unimportant, as was desiccation. During summer the mean monthly mortality of infective larvae was 44% but over winter survival was negligible.

Climate disruption and parasite–host dynamics: patterns and processes associated with warming and the frequency of extreme climatic events

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Hudson ◽  
I.M. Cattadori ◽  
B. Boag ◽  
A.P. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLevels of parasitism and the dynamics of helminth systems is subject to the impact of environmental conditions such that we may expect long term increases in temperature will increase the force of infection and the parasite's basic reproduction number, R0. We postulate that an increase in the force of infection will only lead to an increase in mean intensity of adults when adult parasite mortality is not determined by acquired immunity. Preliminary examination of long term trends of parasites of rabbits and grouse confirm these predictions. Parasite development rate increases with temperature and while laboratory studies indicate this is linear some recent studies indicate that this may be non-linear and would have an important impact on R0. Warming would also reduce the selective pressure for the development of arrestment and this would increase R0 so that in systems like the grouse and Trichostrongylus tenuis this would increase the instability and lead to larger disease outbreaks. Extreme climatic events that act across populations appear important in synchronizing transmission and disease outbreaks, so it is speculated that climate disruption will lead to increased frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks in parasite populations not regulated by acquired immunity.

scholarly journals Forms and ultrastructural features of the lateral alae of the helminth Trichostrongylus tenuis Mehlis, 1846 (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

Ultrastructural features of the nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis were studied. Helminthological studies were carried out in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 2015–2018. The material from domestic waterfowl was collected by the method of complete parasitological dissection. Along with the fact that this helminth is a specific parasite of domestic waterfowl, it dominates among all the types of helminths noted by us and is the cause of serious changes in the host organism. The study of the ultrastructure of the nematode T. tenuis is important for identifying parasitic-host relationships, clarifying the systematic position of parasites and in preparing measures to combat these parasites. In addition, a wide variety of morphological features of the lateral alae, allows them to be used as one of the main features for identifying helminth species. The article first presents data on the ultrastructural features of the lateral alae of the nematode T. tenuis. As a result of the studies, it was found that, despite the fact that in some parasitic nematodes of the Trichostrongylidae family the morphological structure of the lateral alae of the cuticle is identical over the entire surface of the body, in the nematode T. tenuis belonging to the same family, four forms were revealed during ultrastructural studies, which were represented using diagrams and electron diffraction patterns. Lateral alae consist of cortical, homogeneous, and fibrillary layers differing in size, thickness, and other features. From the front (oral) part of body of the nematode T. tenuis to the beginning of the intestine, the cuticle is smooth; on the body part from the small intestine and behind it, lateral alae begin to be observed, which resemble a “ridge” in shape. When approaching the posterior end of the body, the lateral alae take the form of “hooks”. On the caudal region, the lateral alae become even more complicated and get the form of “spikes”, and relatively small outgrowths are additionally observed on these lateral wings. These signs can be used to clarify the taxonomic position of helminth species.

Absence of three known benzimidazole resistance mutations in Trichostrongylus tenuis, a nematode parasite of avian hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M.I. Webster ◽  
Paul C.D. Johnson ◽  
Aileen Adam ◽  
Barbara K. Mable ◽  
Lukas F. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Benzimidazole Resistance ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis

Faecal egg counts provide a reliable measure of Trichostrongylus tenuis intensities in free-living red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Seivwright ◽  
S.M. Redpath ◽  
F. Mougeot ◽  
L. Watt ◽  
P.J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Lagopus Lagopus Scoticus ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
High Parasite ◽  
Exact Relationship

AbstractThe reliability of different egg counting methods for estimating the intensity of Trichostrongylus tenuis infections in red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus, was investigated in the autumn, when grouse may harbour high parasite intensities. Possible limitations to the use of these methods were also examined. Faecal egg counts were found to accurately estimate T. tenuis worm intensities, at least up to an observed maximum of c. 8000 worms. Two egg counting methods (smear and McMaster) gave consistent results, although the exact relationship with worm intensity differed according to the method used. Faecal egg counts significantly decreased with increasing length of sample storage time, but egg counts were reliable for estimating worm intensity for three weeks. The concentration of eggs in the caecum was also found to reliably estimate worm intensity. However, egg counts from frozen gut samples cannot be used to estimate worm intensities. These results conclude that, despite some limitations, faecal and caecum egg counts provide useful and reliable ways of measuring T. tenuis intensities in red grouse.

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