A Study on Colonial Livestock Infectious Diseases Control System in 1910s

In this paper we considered the establishment and development of na-tional and local authorities, whose task was to provide and implement a na-tional policy for the prevention of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. We studied the powers of state and local governments in the structure of the control system of the spread of infectious diseases in the Russian Em-pire until the early twentieth century. Shown is the relative impact of the development of medical science, in-ternational trade on the adoption of international sanitary conventions and the development of new legal documents in the field of preventive medicine, and their implementation in the structure of the legislation of the Russian Empire. The value of rural and urban reforms (1864) for the development of preventive medicine. Creation of the conditions for the formation in the structure of local government professional institutions responsible for the sanitation and anti-epidemic work at the territorial (rural and urban) level, as well as with provincial governments and the central government. It is shown that with the creation of new forms of self-governing, ways of developing infection control in rural and urban medicine are relatively dif-ferent, primarily, to the specific conditions of life and labor of the rural and urban populations, as well as to the severity of the actions of those risk fac-tors which influenced the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.

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On the reproduction number and the optimal control of infectious diseases in a heterogenous population

Advances in Difference Equations ◽

10.1186/s13662-020-03050-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. U. Chukwu ◽

J. A. Akinyemi ◽

M. O. Adeniyi ◽

S. O. Salawu

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Control System ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Matrix Method ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Heterogenous Population ◽

Next Generation Matrix

Abstract The effect of infectious diseases cannot be overemphasised. The continuing surfacing of the infectious diseases gives the stakeholders a great concern. In this paper, the nature of the spread of Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in 2014 is studied. We develop a model that analyses the spread of infectious diseases, and the reproduction number is determined by using the next generation matrix method. Finally, the effects of treatment of the infected individuals and vaccination of the susceptible population as the control strategies are looked into. The optimal control system showed that the combination of the two strategies proved more effective.

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A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075798 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 408-409

Author(s):

W. J. Abramson ◽

H. W. Estry ◽

L. F. Allard

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Control System ◽

Thermal Shock ◽

Appropriate Care ◽

Electron Guns ◽

Tungsten Filaments ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

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