scholarly journals The Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory and Before They Were Adult Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Jansari ◽  
E. Green ◽  
Francesco Innocenti ◽  
Diego Nardi ◽  
Elena Belanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
The Continuum

Unfamiliar face identification ability varies widely in the population. Those at the extreme top and bottom ends of the continuum have been labelled super-recognisers and prosopagnosics, respectively. Here we describe the development of two new tests - the Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory Test (GUFMT) and the Before They Were Adult Test (BTWA), that have been designed to measure different aspects of face identity ability across the spectrum. The GUFMT is a test of face memory, the BTWA a test of simultaneous adult-to-child face matching. Their designs draw on theories suggesting face identification is achieved by the recognition of facial features, the consistency across time of configurations between those features, and holistic processing of faces as a Gestalt. In four phases, participants (n = 16737), recruited using different methods, allowed evaluations to drive GUFMT development, the creation of likely population norms, as well as correlations with established face recognition tests. Recommendations for criteria for classification of super-recognition ability are also made.

Use of Face Information Varies Systematically From Developmental Prosopagnosics to Super-Recognizers

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Tardif ◽  
Xavier Morin Duchesne ◽  
Sarah Cohan ◽  
Jessica Royer ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Neurologically Typical

Face-recognition abilities differ largely in the neurologically typical population. We examined how the use of information varies with face-recognition ability from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers. Specifically, we investigated the use of facial features at different spatial scales in 112 individuals, including 5 developmental prosopagnosics and 8 super-recognizers, during an online famous-face-identification task using the bubbles method. We discovered that viewing of the eyes and mouth to identify faces at relatively high spatial frequencies is strongly correlated with face-recognition ability, evaluated from two independent measures. We also showed that the abilities of developmental prosopagnosics and super-recognizers are explained by a model that predicts face-recognition ability from the use of information built solely from participants with intermediate face-recognition abilities ( n = 99). This supports the hypothesis that the use of information varies quantitatively from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers as a function of face-recognition ability.

scholarly journals The positive relationship between face identification and facial emotion perception ability extends to super-recognisers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ali ◽  
Josh P Davis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Identity ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Identity Processing ◽  
Typical Range

Large individual differences in face identification ability and face emotion perception ability correlate in the neurotypical population. The current study recruited a large sample of participants aged 18-70-years (n = 687). The sample included super-recognisers with exceptional face identity processing skills (n = 74) to determine whether the relationship extends to the top of the ability spectrum. Participants completed one short-term face memory test, a simultaneous face matching test, and two face emotion perception tests. Face memory and face matching scores were moderately positively correlated with each other, and with total scores on the two face emotion perception tests. Super-recognisers outperformed typical-range ability controls at the perception of anger, fear, happy, and neutral, but not disgust or sadness. Identity processing and emotion perception accuracy across the whole sample was influenced by gender and age. From a theoretical perspective, these results demonstrate that correlations found between typical-range ability participants also extend to the top end of the face identification spectrum, implying that a common mechanism may drive performance. Practically, super-recognisers possessing superior face identity processing and emotion perception might enhance the performance of organisations such as police forces or security that rely on these attributes in their staff.

scholarly journals Objective Patterns of Face Recognition Deficits in 165 Adults with Self-Reported Developmental Prosopagnosia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bate ◽  
Rachel J. Bennetts ◽  
Nicola Gregory ◽  
Jeremy J. Tree ◽  
Ebony Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Prevalent Form

In the last 15 years, increasing numbers of individuals have self-referred to research laboratories in the belief that they experience severe everyday difficulties with face recognition. The condition “developmental prosopagnosia” (DP) is typically diagnosed when impairment is identified on at least two objective face-processing tests, usually involving assessments of face perception, unfamiliar face memory, and famous face recognition. While existing evidence suggests that some individuals may have a mnemonic form of prosopagnosia, it is also possible that other subtypes exist. The current study assessed 165 adults who believe they experience DP, and 38% of the sample were impaired on at least two of the tests outlined above. While statistical dissociations between face perception and face memory were only observed in four cases, a further 25% of the sample displayed dissociations between impaired famous face recognition and intact short-term unfamiliar face memory and face perception. We discuss whether this pattern of findings reflects (a) limitations within dominant diagnostic tests and protocols, (b) a less severe form of DP, or (c) a currently unrecognized but prevalent form of the condition that affects long-term face memory, familiar face recognition or semantic processing.

Dissociating Face Processing Skills: Decisions about Lip read Speech, Expression, and Identity

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Campbell ◽  
Barbara Brooks ◽  
Edward de Haan ◽  
Tony Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Lip Reading ◽  
Identity Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The separability of different subcomponents of face processing has been regularly affirmed, but not always so clearly demonstrated. In particular, the ability to extract speech from faces (lip-reading) has been shown to dissociate doubly from face identification in neurological but not in other populations. In this series of experiments with undergraduates, the classification of speech sounds (lip-reading) from personally familiar and unfamiliar face photographs was explored using speeded manual responses. The independence of lip-reading from identity-based processing was confirmed. Furthermore, the established pattern of independence of expression-matching from, and dependence of identity-matching on, face familiarity was extended to personally familiar faces and “difficult”-emotion decisions. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Familiar and unfamiliar face recognition in crested macaques ( Macaca nigra )

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 150109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Micheletta ◽  
Jamie Whitehouse ◽  
Lisa A. Parr ◽  
Paul Marshman ◽  
Antje Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Many species use facial features to identify conspecifics, which is necessary to navigate a complex social environment. The fundamental mechanisms underlying face processing are starting to be well understood in a variety of primate species. However, most studies focus on a limited subset of species tested with unfamiliar faces. As well as limiting our understanding of how widely distributed across species these skills are, this also limits our understanding of how primates process faces of individuals they know, and whether social factors (e.g. dominance and social bonds) influence how readily they recognize others. In this study, socially housed crested macaques voluntarily participated in a series of computerized matching-to-sample tasks investigating their ability to discriminate (i) unfamiliar individuals and (ii) members of their own social group. The macaques performed above chance on all tasks. Familiar faces were not easier to discriminate than unfamiliar faces. However, the subjects were better at discriminating higher ranking familiar individuals, but not unfamiliar ones. This suggests that our subjects applied their knowledge of their dominance hierarchies to the pictorial representation of their group mates. Faces of high-ranking individuals garner more social attention, and therefore might be more deeply encoded than other individuals. Our results extend the study of face recognition to a novel species, and consequently provide valuable data for future comparative studies.

scholarly journals The 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20): a self-report instrument for identifying developmental prosopagnosia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 140343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punit Shah ◽  
Anne Gaule ◽  
Sophie Sowden ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Objective Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reliable Classification ◽  
Perceptual Impairment

Self-report plays a key role in the identification of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), providing complementary evidence to computer-based tests of face recognition ability, aiding interpretation of scores. However, the lack of standardized self-report instruments has contributed to heterogeneous reporting standards for self-report evidence in DP research. The lack of standardization prevents comparison across samples and limits investigation of the relationship between objective tests of face processing and self-report measures. To address these issues, this paper introduces the PI20; a 20-item self-report measure for quantifying prosopagnosic traits. The new instrument successfully distinguishes suspected prosopagnosics from typically developed adults. Strong correlations were also observed between PI20 scores and performance on objective tests of familiar and unfamiliar face recognition ability, confirming that people have the necessary insight into their own face recognition ability required by a self-report instrument. Importantly, PI20 scores did not correlate with recognition of non-face objects, indicating that the instrument measures face recognition, and not a general perceptual impairment. These results suggest that the PI20 can play a valuable role in identifying DP. A freely available self-report instrument will permit more effective description of self-report diagnostic evidence, thereby facilitating greater comparison of prosopagnosic samples, and more reliable classification.

The Part-Whole Effect in super-recognisers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Belanova ◽  
Josh P Davis ◽  
Trevor Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Optimal Viewing Position ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Viewing Position

Face recognition skills are distributed on a continuum, with developmental prosopagnosics and super-recognisers at the bottom and top ends, respectively. Holistic processing propensity is associated with face recognition ability and may be impaired in some developmental prosopagnosics and enhanced in some super-recognisers. Across two experiments we compared holistic processing of 75 super-recognisers and 89 typical-range ability controls using The Part-Whole Effect (PWE) paradigm. A subgroup of super-recognisers demonstrated enhanced PWEs in the nose region, suggesting they integrate the nose into the holistic face percept more effectively than controls. Focussed processing of the nose region, an optimal viewing position to extract the holistic properties of faces, has previously been associated with superior face recognition, and this may partly explain the superiority of some super-recognisers. However, a few super-recognisers generated significant nose region performance patterns in an opposite direction across both experiments, suggesting their superiority is driven by alternative mechanisms. These results support proposals that super-recognition is associated with heterogeneous underlying processes.

scholarly journals About-face on face recognition ability and holistic processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Richler ◽  
R. Jackie Floyd ◽  
Isabel Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Recognition Ability
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