The Part-Whole Effect in super-recognisers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Belanova ◽  
Josh P Davis ◽  
Trevor Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Optimal Viewing Position ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Viewing Position

Face recognition skills are distributed on a continuum, with developmental prosopagnosics and super-recognisers at the bottom and top ends, respectively. Holistic processing propensity is associated with face recognition ability and may be impaired in some developmental prosopagnosics and enhanced in some super-recognisers. Across two experiments we compared holistic processing of 75 super-recognisers and 89 typical-range ability controls using The Part-Whole Effect (PWE) paradigm. A subgroup of super-recognisers demonstrated enhanced PWEs in the nose region, suggesting they integrate the nose into the holistic face percept more effectively than controls. Focussed processing of the nose region, an optimal viewing position to extract the holistic properties of faces, has previously been associated with superior face recognition, and this may partly explain the superiority of some super-recognisers. However, a few super-recognisers generated significant nose region performance patterns in an opposite direction across both experiments, suggesting their superiority is driven by alternative mechanisms. These results support proposals that super-recognition is associated with heterogeneous underlying processes.

scholarly journals Optimal Viewing Position in Face Recognition

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic244 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Janet H. Hsiao ◽  
Tong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Optimal Viewing Position ◽  
Viewing Position

scholarly journals About-face on face recognition ability and holistic processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Richler ◽  
R. Jackie Floyd ◽  
Isabel Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Recognition Ability

scholarly journals The Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory and Before They Were Adult Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Jansari ◽  
E. Green ◽  
Francesco Innocenti ◽  
Diego Nardi ◽  
Elena Belanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
The Continuum

Unfamiliar face identification ability varies widely in the population. Those at the extreme top and bottom ends of the continuum have been labelled super-recognisers and prosopagnosics, respectively. Here we describe the development of two new tests - the Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory Test (GUFMT) and the Before They Were Adult Test (BTWA), that have been designed to measure different aspects of face identity ability across the spectrum. The GUFMT is a test of face memory, the BTWA a test of simultaneous adult-to-child face matching. Their designs draw on theories suggesting face identification is achieved by the recognition of facial features, the consistency across time of configurations between those features, and holistic processing of faces as a Gestalt. In four phases, participants (n = 16737), recruited using different methods, allowed evaluations to drive GUFMT development, the creation of likely population norms, as well as correlations with established face recognition tests. Recommendations for criteria for classification of super-recognition ability are also made.

Associations between self-reported and actual face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Estudillo ◽  
Wong Hoo Keat
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

scholarly journals The Twenty Item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) provides meaningful evidence of face recognition impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tsantani ◽  
Tim Vestner ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Intended Use

The Twenty Item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a self-report questionnaire used for quantifying prosopagnosic traits. This scale is intended to help researchers identify cases of developmental prosopagnosia by providing standardized self-report evidence to complement diagnostic evidence obtained from objective computer-based tasks. In order to respond appropriately to items, prosopagnosics must have some insight that their face recognition is well below average, while non-prosopagnosics need to understand that their relative face recognition ability falls within the typical range. There has been considerable debate about whether participants have the necessary insight into their face recognition abilities to respond appropriately. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the PI20 provides meaningful evidence of face recognition impairment. In keeping with the intended use of the instrument, we used PI20 scores to identify two groups: high-PI20 scorers (those with self-reported face recognition difficulties) and low-PI20 scorers (those with no self-reported face recognition difficulties). We found that participant groups distinguished on the basis of PI20 scores clearly differed in terms of their mean performance on objective measures of face recognition ability. We also found that high-PI20 scorers were more likely to achieve levels of face recognition accuracy associated with developmental prosopagnosia.

scholarly journals Associations between self-reported and objective face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10629
Author(s):  
Alejandro J. Estudillo ◽  
Hoo Keat Wong
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

scholarly journals The other-race effect and holistic processing across racial groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoo Keat Wong ◽  
Alejandro J. Estudillo ◽  
Ian D. Stephen ◽  
David R. T. Keeble
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Face ◽  
Malaysian Chinese

AbstractIt is widely accepted that holistic processing is important for face perception. However, it remains unclear whether the other-race effect (ORE) (i.e. superior recognition for own-race faces) arises from reduced holistic processing of other-race faces. To address this issue, we adopted a cross-cultural design where Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian and Australian Caucasian participants performed four different tasks: (1) yes–no face recognition, (2) composite, (3) whole-part and (4) global–local tasks. Each face task was completed with unfamiliar own- and other-race faces. Results showed a pronounced ORE in the face recognition task. Both composite-face and whole-part effects were found; however, these holistic effects did not appear to be stronger for other-race faces than for own-race faces. In the global–local task, Malaysian Chinese and African participants demonstrated a stronger global processing bias compared to both European- and Australian-Caucasian participants. Importantly, we found little or no cross-task correlation between any of the holistic processing measures and face recognition ability. Overall, our findings cast doubt on the prevailing account that the ORE in face recognition is due to reduced holistic processing in other-race faces. Further studies should adopt an interactionist approach taking into account cultural, motivational, and socio-cognitive factors.

scholarly journals The optimal viewing position in face recognition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hsiao ◽  
T. T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Optimal Viewing Position ◽  
Viewing Position

scholarly journals Low prevalence match and mismatch detection in simultaneous face matching: Influence of face recognition ability and feature focus guidance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh P Davis ◽  
Callan Dray ◽  
Nikolay Petrov ◽  
Elena Belanova
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Facial Feature ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Shift Effect ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Accurate simultaneous face matching of photos of unfamiliar faces to verify identity is key to many security and policing operations. However, matching is error-prone, especially when the prevalence of target items is low. In two experiments, the current research examined whether the use of internal or external facial feature guidance scales, and recruitment of participants with superior face recognition ability would reduce low prevalence effect impact. In Experiment 1, no information as to low prevalence of items was provided. Super-recognisers (n = 317) significantly outperformed typical-range-ability controls (n = 452), while internal feature guidance significantly enhanced accuracy in all prevalence conditions (10-90%, 50-50%, 90-10% mismatched-matched). However, an unexpected paradoxical prevalence criterion shift effect in controls meant accuracy tended to be highest in low prevalence conditions. In Experiment 2, top-end-of-typical range ability participants (n = 567) were informed as to low matched or mismatched item prevalence, and this time, the expected low prevalence effects were observed. No facial feature focus guidance effects were significant. The results enhance theoretical understanding of low prevalence effects while offering support for the deployment of super-recognisers, and the use of facial feature guidance scales in the identity verification workplace.

Individual Differences in Holistic Processing Predict Face Recognition Ability

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruosi Wang ◽  
Jingguang Li ◽  
Huizhen Fang ◽  
Moqian Tian ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Recognition Ability
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