The BRD8 bromodomain protein is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

Metastasis to the brain is a serious complication of breast cancer (1-3) with limited treatment options (4, 5). We mined published microarray data (6, 7) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in human breast cancer, and identified differential expression of the gene encoding the bromodomain protein BRD8 when comparing brain metastatic tissues to primary tumors of the breast. BRD8 was expressed at significantly lower levels in metastasis to the brain as compared to primary tumors, and primary tumor expression of BRD8 was significantly correlated with relapse-free survival. Understanding the transcriptional functions of BRD8 in the context of the Tip60/NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex in human breast cancer may shed light on mechanisms that contribute to migration of tumor cells from the breast and subsequent colonization of the brain.

RIPPLY2 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/wztqd ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that ripply transcriptional repressor 2, encoded by RIPPLY2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RIPPLY2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RIPPLY2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of RIPPLY2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

RNF186 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/yvfa6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Ring Finger ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway ◽

Breast cancer patients diagnosed with metastasis to the brain (1-3) are presented limited treatment options (4, 5). We mined published microarray data (6, 7) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in human breast cancer, and identified differential expression of RNF186 when comparing brain metastatic tissues to primary tumors of the breast. RNF186 was expressed at significantly lower levels in metastasis to the brain as compared to primary tumors. Molecular functions and down-regulation of RNF186, a ring finger E3 ligase that can modulate endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway signaling (8) may be relevant to pathways underlying metastasis to the brain in human breast cancer.

LINC00968 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/pnwv3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Breast cancer patients diagnosed with metastasis to the brain (1-3) are presented limited treatment options (4, 5). We mined published microarray data (6, 7) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in human breast cancer at the transcriptome-level and in an unbiased fashion. We describe here the differential expression of the long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00968 in the brain metastatic tissues and primary tumors of women with breast cancer. LINC00968 transcript was present at significantly reduced quantities at in brain metastases and in primary tumors of the breast as compared to untransformed breast tissues. Molecular functions and down-regulation of LINC00968, a non-coding RNA that has not previously been described in relation to central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer represents a feature of the transcriptional fingerprint of brain metastatic breast cancer in humans and may be relevant to pathways underlying invasion and colonization of the brain.

Asporin (ASPN) is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/x6ygj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Type I ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Breast cancer patients diagnosed with metastasis to the brain (1-3) are presented limited treatment options (4, 5). We mined published microarray data (6, 7) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in human breast cancer, and identified differential expression of the gene encoding asporin, ASPN, when comparing brain metastatic tissues to primary tumors of the breast. ASPN was expressed at significantly lower levels in metastasis to the brain as compared to primary tumors, and primary tumor expression of ASPN was significantly correlated with overall survival (8). Asporin (9) , its ability to interact with TGF-β (10) and type I collagen (11), and inhibition of these interactions through down-regulation of asporin expression may be relevant to pathways underlying metastasis to the brain in human breast cancer.

ASNSD1 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/p589w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Asparagine Synthetase ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that asparagine synthetase domain containing 1, encoded by ASNSD1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. ASNSD1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ASNSD1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient post-progression survival. Modulation of ASNSD1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Palladin is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/24u98 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that palladin, encoded by PALLD, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. PALLD mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of PALLD in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of PALLD expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.

GRHL3 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/qpnhj ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that grainyhead-like transcription factor 3, encoded by GRHL3, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. GRHL3 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of GRHL3 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of GRHL3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

SPRY2 is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/qxzun ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that sprouty homolog 2, encoded by SPRY2, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. SPRY2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SPRY2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of SPRY2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.

SP140L is differentially expressed in metastasis to lymph nodes in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/z7b6p ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the brain and the breast resides the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in human breast cancer. We found that the SP140 nuclear body protein like, encoded by SP140L, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph nodes metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). SP140L was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). SP140L mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SP140L in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of SP140L expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph node and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

RSU1 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/wsjdc ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that ras suppressor protein 1, encoded by RSU1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RSU1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RSU1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of RSU1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.