scholarly journals Contrasting yield responses at varying levels of shade suggest different suitability of crops for dual land-use systems. A meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Laub ◽  
Lisa Pataczek ◽  
Arndt Feuerbacher ◽  
Sabine Zikeli ◽  
Petra Högy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Yield Response Curves

Abstract Despite the large body of research studying crop growth parameters, there is still a lack of systematic assessments on how harvestable yields of different crop types respond to varying levels of shading. However, with the advent of agrivoltaic (AV) systems, a technology that combines energy and food production, and the new focus on agroforestry (AF), shade tolerance is becoming an important parameter for crop production systems. To address this research gap, a meta-analysis with data from two experimental approaches (intercropping and artificial shading with cloths, nets or solar panels) was performed to quantitatively assess the susceptibility of different temperate crop types to increasing levels of shading. Crop type specific yield response curves were estimated as a function of reduction in solar radiation (RSR), by estimating relative crop yields compared to the unshaded controls. Only studies that reported RSR and crop yield per area in temperate and subtropical areas were included. Using a random slope effect for each study, the specific variance components were accounted for. The results suggested a nonlinear relationship between achieved crop yields and RSR for all crop types. Most crops tolerate RSR up to 15%, showing a less than proportionate yield decline. However, significant differences between the response curves of different crop types existed: Berries, fruits and fruity vegetables benefited from shading up to RSR of 30%. Forages, leafy vegetables, tubers/root crops and C3 cereals showed initially less than proportionate crop yield loss. In contrast, maize and grain legumes experienced strong crop yield losses even at low RSR levels. The results provide first indicators for differences in crop type suitability to shading, and thus for AV and AF systems. Detailed yield response curves, as provided in this study, are valuable tools to optimize the output of annual crop components in AV and AF systems.

scholarly journals Pasture yield and soil physical property responses to soil compaction from treading and grazing—a review

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Drewry ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
G. D. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Yield Response Curves ◽  
Pasture Yield

This paper reviews animal treading and the associated effects on soil physical properties and pasture productivity from treading-induced soil compaction and pugging. Response curve relationships between soil physical properties (e.g. macroporosity, air-filled porosity, bulk density) and pasture and crop yield are reviewed. Optimum soil macroporosity for maximum pasture and crop yield ranges from 6 to 17% v/v, but there is a paucity of yield response curves for pastoral systems, particularly critical or optimum values of soil physical properties. There is little information available on the effects of cattle treading on soil physical properties and consequently pasture yield in seasons when soil pugging and poaching is minimised. Such information is needed to provide practical and rigorously tested decision support tools for land managers during grazing seasons. Knowledge of yield response curves, and critical or optimum values of soil physical properties for field pasture-based grazing systems, is required for improved farm-system production and economic decision support.

Yield response curves of crops exposed to SO2 time series

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Male ◽  
Eric Preston ◽  
Grady Neely
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yield Response Curves

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to the Design and Analysis of Field Experiments to Study Variation in the Tolerance and Resistance of Cultivars to Root Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1631
Author(s):  
Karyn L. Reeves ◽  
Clayton R. Forknall ◽  
Alison M. Kelly ◽  
Kirsty J. Owen ◽  
Joshua Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Yield Response Curves

The root lesion nematode (RLN) species Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are widely distributed within cropping regions of Australia and have been shown to limit grain production. Field experiments conducted to compare the performance of cultivars in the presence of RLNs investigate management options for growers by identifying cultivars with resistance, by limiting nematode reproduction, and tolerance, by yielding well in the presence of nematodes. A novel experimental design approach for RLN experiments is proposed where the observed RLN density, measured prior to sowing, is used to condition the randomization of cultivars to field plots. This approach ensured that all cultivars were exposed to consistent ranges of RLN in order to derive valid assessments of relative cultivar tolerance and resistance. Using data from a field experiment designed using the conditioned randomization approach and conducted in Formartin, Australia, the analysis of tolerance and resistance was undertaken in a linear mixed model framework. Yield response curves were derived using a random regression approach and curves modeling change in RLN densities between sowing and harvest were derived using splines to account for nonlinearity. Groups of cultivars sharing similar resistance levels could be identified. A comparison of slopes of yield response curves of cultivars belonging to the same resistance class identified differing tolerance levels for cultivars with equivalent exposures to both presowing and postharvest RLN densities. As such, the proposed design and analysis approach allowed tolerance to be assessed independently of resistance.

First-Season Crop Yield Response to Organic Soil Amendments: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam E. Wortman ◽  
Ashley A. Holmes ◽  
Elizabeth Miernicki ◽  
Kaelyn Knoche ◽  
Cameron M. Pittelkow
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Organic Soil Amendments

The reclamation of land covered with pulverized fuel ash. The influence of soil depth on crop performance

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
R. Holliday ◽  
F. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Pulverized Fuel ◽  
Pulverized Fuel Ash ◽  
The Relationship

1. A review of land restoration problems in relation to the soil depth required for successful crops showed that factual information on this orthodox method of restoration was inadequate.2. A field trial sited on pulverized fuel ash is described in which the relationship between crop yield and soil depth at a range of fertilizer levels was determined; kale, oats, rape, barley and potatoes were the test crops.3. The crops were divided into two groups, sensitive (kale and barley) and tolerant (oats, rape, potatoes) to ash toxicity, on the basis of their response to soil depth at the high fertilizer level. Quadratic expressions relating yield to soil depth, over the range 3–36 in. at each fertilizer level were fitted to the data for each crop group.4. Yield isoquants, derived from the fertilizer response curves at each soil depth, enabled soil depth-fertilizer level combinations to be ascertained for producing a given level of crop yield. Fertilizer could be substituted for soil more effectively for tolerant than sensitive crops.5. A 12 in. cover of soil together with 1½ times the normal farm fertilizer dressing for the crop was the minimum for acceptable yields. Fertilizer use may have to be increased to twice normal dressings to maintain yields if soil depths are reduced to below 12 in.6. Crop yields were not increased by a soil covering greater than 24 in. deep.

scholarly journals Crop response to soils amended with biochar: expected benefits and unintended risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunath Subedi ◽  
Chiara Bertora ◽  
Laura Zavattaro ◽  
Carlo Grignani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Positive Effects

Biochar (BC) from biomass waste pyrolysis has been widely studied due to its ability to increase carbon (C) sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and enhance both crop growth and soil quality. This review summarizes the current knowledge of BC production, characterization, and types, with a focus on its positive effects on crop yield and soil properties versus the unintended risks associated with these effects. Biochar-amended soils enhance crop growth and yield via several mechanisms: expanded plant nutrient and water availability through increased use efficiencies, improved soil quality, and suppression of soil and plant diseases. Yield response to BC has been shown to be more evident in acidic and sandy soils than in alkaline and fine-textured soils. Biochar composition and properties vary considerably with feedstock and pyrolysis conditions so much that its concentrations of toxic compounds and heavy metals can negatively impact crop and soil health. Consequently, more small-scale and greenhouse-sited studies are in process to investigate the role of BC/soil/crop types on crop growth, and the mechanisms by which they influence crop yield. Similarly, a need exists for long-term, field-scale studies on the effects (beneficial and harmful) of BC amendment on soil health and crop yields, so that production guidelines and quality standards may be developed for BCs derived from a range of feedstocks.

scholarly journals A crop yield change emulator for use in GCAM and similar models: Persephone v1.0

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Snyder ◽  
Katherine V. Calvin ◽  
Meridel Phillips ◽  
Alex C. Ruane
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
System Changes

Abstract. Future changes in Earth system state will impact agricultural yields and, through these changed yields, can have profound impacts on the global economy. Global gridded crop models estimate the influence of these Earth system changes on future crop yields, but are often too computationally intensive to dynamically couple into global multi-sector economic models, such as GCAM and other similar-in-scale models. Yet, generalizing a faster site-specific crop model's results to be used globally will introduce inaccuracies, and the question of which model to use is unclear given the wide variation in yield response across crop models. To examine the feedback loop among socioeconomics, Earth system changes, and crop yield changes, rapidly generated yield responses with some quantification of crop response uncertainty are desirable. The Persephone v1.0 response functions presented in this work are based on the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP) sensitivity test data set and are focused on providing GCAM and similar models with a tractable number of rapid to evaluate, dynamic yield response functions corresponding to a range of the yield response sensitivities seen in the C3MP data set. With the Persephone response functions, a new variety of agricultural impact experiments will be open to GCAM and other economic models; for example, examining the economic impacts of a multi-year drought in a key agricultural region and how economic changes in response to the drought can, in turn, impact the drought.

Effects of Dated Soil Moisture Stress on Crop Yields

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nairizi ◽  
J. R. Rydzewski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Quantitative Contribution

SUMMARYCrop yield response to soil moisture deficiency varies for different crops and also depends on the time of its occurrence in the growth cycle. Many attempts have been made to derive a single relationship between total water consumption and yield for various crops, but this has proved of limited use, because the effect of time was omitted from such production functions. Jensen (1968) derived two expressions, for determinate and indeterminate crops, bringing the time element into his expressions indirectly by a parameter (λi) which defines the relative sensitivity of the crop to soil moisture stress at different growing stages. The usefulness of this approach depends on the accuracy with which this parameter can be determined. The aim of this paper is to derive λi for a number of crops from available experimental data and subsequently to find a way of computing the quantitative contribution of each single irrigation application to the crop yield. This should lead to a more rational use of irrigation water resources.

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