scholarly journals Desiccation of the Transboundary Hamun Lakes: Natural or Anthropogenic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Akbari ◽  
Ali Mirchi ◽  
Amin Roozbahani ◽  
Abror Gafurov ◽  
Björn Klöve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Lake System ◽  
Transboundary River Basin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reservoir Construction

This paper investigates the hydrologic and water management reasons behind the desiccation of the Hamun Lakes in the Iran-Afghanistan border region. We analysed changes in Hirmand (or Helmand) River flow, the main tributary providing 70% of the lakes’ total inflow, and precipitation during 1960-2016 by calculating standardized indices for precipitation (SPI) and discharge (SDI). Also, we applied Normalized Difference Spectral Indices (NDSIs) using satellite images from 1987 to present to observe monthly areal change of the lakes. The transboundary water body is responding to changes in regional water management, which has severely reduced the lakes’ inflow. Upstream water regulation in Afghanistan coupled with reservoir construction on the Iranian side has caused nearly full desiccation of major parts of the lake system. There is a discernible shift in the relation between the Hirmand River flow at the international border and upstream precipitation over the lakes’ basin before and after 2004. From 1960 to 2003, high river flows were expected to feed the lakes due to high precipitation over the basin. However, the Hirmand River flow at the border declined after 2004 despite large amounts of upstream precipitation, including the largest recorded amounts, especially in the Hindu Kush mountains. Further, environmental water stress caused by anthropocentric water management in Iran by reservoir construction has impacted the area of the lakes. Although a long period of drought from 1998-2004, i.e. climatic driver, decreased the lakes’ area, the lake system is primarily falling victim to anthropogenic flow alterations in the transboundary river basin. The lakes’ shrinkage places socio-economic stress on an already-vulnerable region with important public health implications as the exposed lake beds turn into major sources of sand and dust storms.

scholarly journals Hydropower impact on the river flow of a humid regional climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-393
Author(s):  
Julian David Hunt ◽  
Giacomo Falchetta ◽  
Behnam Zakeri ◽  
Andreas Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Smith Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Reservoir Construction ◽  
Probability Of Precipitation ◽  
Regional Climates ◽  
Historical Flow

AbstractLand use and water management have considerable impacts on regional climates. This paper proposes that in humid regions with low wind patterns the construction of hydropower storage reservoirs contributes to the increases in the probability of precipitation in the regional climate. This observation has been tested with a methodology that calculates the cumulative influence of reservoir construction in the basins surrounding with a proposed index named Cumulative Impact of Existing Reservoirs, and compares this index with the historical flow of the rivers. It was found that the construction of reservoirs in Brazil had a considerable impact on its river flows.

scholarly journals Integrated Hydraulic Modelling, Water Quality Modelling and Habitat Assessment for Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study of the Anyang-Cheon Stream, Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4330
Author(s):  
Byungwoong Choi ◽  
Seung Se Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Habitat Simulation ◽  
Canadian Council

Recent ecological stream restoration projects have focused on expanding the water-friendly space of streams, promoting the health of aquatic ecosystems, and restoring various habitats, which raise the need for relevant research. Applying integrated environmental analysis, this study quantifies the change in hydraulic characteristics before and after the restoration projects through physical habitat simulation and links the results of physical impacts to estimate benefits of increase in water quality and aquatic ecosystem health due to the implementation of the project. For this, the study area is a 3.3 km long reach of the Anyang-cheon Stream, Korea. Field monitoring revealed that five fish species are dominant and sub-dominant, and account for 76% of the total fish community. To assess the change of before and after ecological stream restoration project, the River2D and Coastal Modelling System (CMS)-Flow 2D models were used for hydraulic and water quality simulations, respectively. For the habitat simulation, the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model was used. In addition, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was used to calculate changes in water quality index and to examine changes in habitat areas with an integrated quantitative index, the methodology of Zingraff-Hamed et al. was adopted. It was found that the ecological stream restoration project significantly increased for the eco-friendly area. In addition, the changes in water quality and habitat suitability grades before the ecological river restoration project were improved to two stages and one stage, respectively. This study applied the integrated analytical framework as a policy/project assessment tool and the results of this study will be useful for the integrated water management policy.

Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Ana Carla C. Aparicio ◽  
Larissa Helen S. de Oliveira ◽  
Jefferson S. Silva ◽  
Cideli P. Coelho ◽  
Sonia Regina Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Lake System ◽  
Solvatochromic Dyes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Methylene Violet ◽  
Solvatochromic Dye

Abstract Background Highly diluted and succussed solutions interact with solvatochromic dyes, indicating that changes in solvent and solute polarity could be related to their mechanism of action. It is not known, however, how the activity associated with succussed high dilutions is transferred to untreated water and what the limits of this process are. Aims The aims of the present study were to ascertain whether a succussed high dilution of phosphorus (1.5 × 1−59 M; Phos 30cH) seeded into a natural water source that fed a fjord and two connected lakes could propagate itself through the lake system (total volume 2200 m3) and, moreover, whether the process could be tracked using solvatochromic dyes. Methods Samples of water were collected before and after seeding, at different times and places throughout the lake system. Controls comprised water taken from an untreated and adjacent, but independent, lake (1385 m3). Results Water samples taken up to 72 hours after the source treatment produced significant increases (p ≤ 0.03) in the absorbance of the solvatochromic dye methylene violet (MV), while samples from the control lake produced no changes. Conclusions The study indicates that activity associated with Phos 30c can propagate itself through large volumes of water, causing changes throughout a whole connected lake system, and that these changes can be tracked using the solvatochromic dye MV. This in turn means the use of homeopathic medicines in large volumes of drinking water, in farming and ecological contexts, now has the potential to be assessed with physico-chemical monitoring.

Pareto optimality and compromise for environmental water management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Null ◽  
Marcelo A. Olivares ◽  
Felipe Cordera ◽  
Jay R. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pareto Optimality ◽  
Environmental Water

scholarly journals Tran boundary Pool of the Irtysh River: Problems’ Solutions of Municipal Facilities and Urban Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vinokurov ◽  
Bella Krasnoyarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Transboundary River Basin ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Irtysh Basin ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
Coordinated Water

The relevance of the study, due to the water difficult environmental situation increasing in the transboundary river basin (TRB) of Irtysh is related to the failure to address the issues of coordinated water use in the certain national segments: the Irtysh basin and its large left tributaries, the rivers Ishim and Tobol within the borders of Kazakhstan, China and Russia. The purpose of the study is to assess current processes of the water management system in the TRB formation and functioning, to identify current and potential problems of water use and to find ways to eliminate neutralize and prevent them in the future. The leading methods of research are system-dialectical, which provides for the water management systems study of the basin in question at the stage of formation, functioning and future development; as well as a comparative geographic method aimed at identifying and analyzing individual water management systems of the Irtysh TRB. Results of the study: The main water management problems in the Irtysh TBD were identified, their evaluation was determined and the their manifestation features in each of the identified national natural and economic subsystems were determined, the directions of their coordinated decision by all basin countries based on the methodology of strategic management adopted and widely implemented by the international scientific community. The significance of the study showed the severity of water management problems and the asymmetry of their solutions in different national segments of the Irtysh TRB, mainly due to incompleteness of the institutional environment for water resources management and inconsistency of the countries interests within its borders.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Submerged Vanes in Intakes under Sediment Feeding Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Aslı Bor Türkben
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Submerged Vane ◽  
Solid Discharge ◽  
Submerged Vanes ◽  
Intake Structure

Sediment is transported along the river flow and deposited in the mouth of the intake structure over time and reducing the water intake capacity. Nowadays, many water intake structures lose their function and are closed to operation. To deal with this problem, recently, submerged vane application has offered a practical and economical solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three vane installations under sediment feeding conditions by comparing the bed topography before and after vanes were installed. For that purpose, experiments were carried out in a laboratory channel running for 90-degree intake angle. Three vanes were installed in one column at near the intake entrance. The vanes dimensions were equal to; 3cm height, 12cm long, 10 mm thick, and aligned with α = 20° angle to flow direction. The tests were run until equilibrium was reached, i.e. when the outgoing solid discharge was equal or larger than 90% of the incoming. Once the bed topography remained stable, bed and water level surfaces were measured. tests were carried out by feeding sediment from upstream of the main channel.

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