Abstract
Objective: This study was performed to determine the knowledge level of students in China’s WASH Plus Program about sanitation and hygiene practices to provide a scientific basis for well-targeted health education.Methods: The researchers randomly selected one fourth-grade class from each of the 12 schools in each of the five WASH Plus Program provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions). The students in the selected fourth-grade classes were then asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire. Chi-square testing and Bonferroni correction were used for paired and multiple comparisons of the enumeration data, respectively. Results: The 2330 respondents (mean age, 9.9 ± 0.3 years) included 1151 male students (49.40%), 1489 students of minority (non-Han) ethnicity (63.91%), and 433 boarding students (18.58%). Overall, 81.09% of the students were found to have gained sanitation-related knowledge, and 79.64% had formed hygiene routines. Specifically, only 41.76% of students knew that “diarrhea can be transmitted through contaminated water,” and 68.88% of students were aware that “diarrhea can be prevented by not drinking untreated water.” In addition, only 67.94%, 62.83%, and 62.62% of students “wash hands with running water and soap/hand sanitizer at school,” “never drink untreated water at school,” and “never drink untreated water at home,” respectively. Regionally, 88.54%, 87.13%, 79.13%, 77.23%, and 72.81% of students in Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Xinjiang, respectively, had strong knowledge of sanitation, and 92.11%, 80.70%, 74.04%, 79.43%, and 69.86% of them practiced hygiene. In terms of gender, 80.53% of male students and 81.64% of female students had acquired sanitation-related knowledge, whereas 77.45% of male students and of 81.78% female students had adopted hygiene practices. The total awareness rates of sanitation-related knowledge for Han students and minority students were 83.10% and 79.96%, respectively. Approximately 85.53% of Han students and 76.32% of minority students had formed good hygiene routines. Some 81.32% of boarding students and 81.04% of non-boarding students had strong knowledge of sanitation, and 78.65% and 79.87%, respectively, had formed good hygiene habits. Conclusions: Some of the students surveyed had insufficient hygiene knowledge, and a small number had poor hygiene habits. To provide students with well-targeted health education, improve their hygiene awareness, and change their bad habits, full consideration should be given to factors such as region, gender, ethnicity, boarding status, and the influence of the process via which students acquire hygiene knowledge and form effective hygiene routines.