scholarly journals Erroneous instructions routinely issued by medical journals—Part 1: ‘Do not use abbreviations in the abstract’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Proudfoot

In the ‘olden days’ many medical journals did not include abbreviations in the abstracts of the reports they published. That ceased to be the case decades ago, but inexplicably a huge number of journals’ ‘Instructions for Authors’ still include an erroneous directive instructing authors that abbreviations are not permitted in abstracts. All of these journals do now include abbreviations in the abstracts they publish—and have done for years—in blatant contradiction of their own directive in this regard. The people most adversely affected by this blatantly contradictory yet easily rectifiable situation are confused prospective non-native English speaking authors, and the ‘pre-submission’ manuscript editors they are now actively advised to engage the services of by these very same journals prior to submission. In my capacity as one such freelance medical manuscript editor I recently contacted many of these journals via the relevant email addresses indicated on their websites urging them to address this situation. With the exception of the staff of one single journal who to their great credit corrected the problem almost immediately, the silence was deafening.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Ruqoyah Yulia Hasanah Dhomiri ◽  
Ekaning Dewanti Laksmi ◽  
Nur Mukminatien

<p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Millennium development requires schools to prepare their students to have proper English skills. It makes some schools hire native speaker as the expert of English. However, it is known that not all native speaker can teach English. They may be an expert in using English, yet not the expert of teaching English because the lack of professional competences. In this case, it is needed to investigate the native teacher professional competences based on the students’ view, since the students were the people who experienced to be taught by the native teacher. In this study, it was found that the native teacher seemed to be more suitable for teaching the higher achiever students since they could follow the native teacher’s explanations and instructions. Meanwhile, for the lower achiever students, being taught by the native teacher was challenging. This study aimed to investigate the professional competences of a native teacher as viewed by the students.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Perkembangan Milenium mengharuskan sekolah mempersiapkan siswa mereka untuk memiliki keterampilan bahasa Inggris yang memadai. Hal itu membuat beberapa sekolah mempekerjakan penutur asli sebagai guru bahasa Inggris. Namun, diketahui bahwa tidak semua penutur asli dapat mengajar bahasa Inggris. Mereka mungkin ahli dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris, namun belum tentu ahli mengajar bahasa Inggris karena kurangnya kompetensi profesional. Dalam hal ini, di perlukan penyelidikan terhadap kompetensi profesional guru penutur asli bahasa Inggris berdasarkan pandangan siswa, karena siswa adalah orang-orang yang berpengalaman dalam diajar oleh penutur asli. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa guru penutur asli bahasa Inggris tampaknya lebih cocok untuk mengajar siswa berprestasi karena mereka dapat mengikuti penjelasan dan instruksi guru tersebut. Sementara itu, bagi siswa berprestasi rendah, diajar oleh guru penutur asli bahasa Inggris adalah sebuah tantangan.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Scanlan

This study creates life history portraits of two White middle-class native-English-speaking principals demonstrating commitments to social justice in their work in public elementary schools serving disproportionately high populations of students who are marginalized by poverty, race, and linguistic heritage. Through self-reported life histories of these principals, I create portraits that illustrate how these practitioners draw motivation, commitment, and sustenance in varied, complicated, and at times contradictory ways.


2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Hrešanová

This paper explores the history of the ‘psychoprophylactic method of painless childbirth’ in socialist Czechoslovakia, in particular, in the Czech and Moravian regions of the country, showing that it substantially differs from the course that the method took in other countries. This non-pharmacological method of pain relief originated in the USSR and became well known as the Lamaze method in western English-speaking countries. Use of the method in Czechoslovakia, however, followed a very different path from both the West, where its use was refined mainly outside the biomedical frame, and the USSR, where it ceased to be pursued as a scientific method in the 1950s after Stalin’s death. The method was imported to Czechoslovakia in the early 1950s and it was politically promoted as Soviet science’s gift to women. In the 1960s the method became widespread in practice but research on it diminished and, in the 1970s, its use declined too. However, in the 1980s, in the last decade of the Communist regime, the method resurfaced in the pages of Czechoslovak medical journals and underwent an exciting renaissance, having been reintroduced by a few enthusiastic individuals, most of them women. This article explores the background to the renewed interest in the method while providing insight into the wider social and political context that shaped socialist maternity and birth care in different periods.


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