The role of humour and laughter therapy in decreasing caregiver burden among carers of a person living with dementia- A case study

Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle was employed to explore a critical case study involving a senior citizen with dementia and measures to reduce caregiver burden by humour and laughter therapy. This experience highlights key themes of caregiver burden-reduction measures through humour and laughter. This problem is discussed in relation to lack of awareness about measures to reduce caregiver burden arising due to caretaking of a person with dementia. Inclusion of this therapy as a non-pharmacological method of stress management, could be useful in the guidelines for dementia care. Therefore, it is important to include training to all caregivers at home and care home setting to address the issue of caregiver burden.

Giving Birth on a Beach Women's Experiences of Using Virtual Reality in Labour A Pragmatic Mixed Methods Approach

<p><b>Birth is a normal physiological process, and many women want a natural birth. However, there is worldwide concern over the increasing use of epidural analgesia and other pharmacological pain relief methods for women in labour. This tendency renders birth non-physiological by increasing the use of obstetric interventions with associated risks. Women use a range of non-pharmacological pain relief methods to reduce labour pain intensity, to help manage labour pain and to induce relaxation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women using virtual reality (VR) as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief in labour and to determine whether there was an effect on labour pain intensity. Virtual reality has been shown to be an effective distraction technique in other acute pain settings and also reduces anxiety.</b></p> <p>This study used a pragmatic mixed method approach with a sequential exploratory design, combining in-depth antenatal and postnatal interviews with an intervention study in labour in a cross-over within-subjects trial. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.</p> <p>Twenty-six pregnant women were recruited to the study. Fourteen participants reported their pain and had their heart rate and blood pressure measured during active labour while using and not using VR. There were significantly lower reported pain scores (6.14 compared to 7.61, p =<.001) and maternal heart rate (79.86 beats per minute compared to 85.57, p = .033) and mean arterial pressure (88.78 mmHg compared to 92.61 mmHg, p = .022) were lower when using VR during active labour. These differences were all statistically significant. Findings from qualitative postnatal interviews indicated a positive response to the use of VR in labour. Several themes were identified in the data. The first theme, Impact of VR on Labour, described the impact of VR on labour in terms of distraction, relaxation, enjoyment and a positive birth experience. The second theme, Managing the Pain, describes how VR was used by the women to manage their labour pain using breathing techniques and gaining a sense of control. In the third theme, The Challenges and Surprises of Using VR in Labour, women’s narratives recounted the various challenges of using the VR technology. Despite these challenges, ninety-four percent of women reported that they would use VR in labour again and would recommend it to a pregnant friend.</p> <p>This study provides a unique and original contribution to the field of VR in labour and birth. It is consistent with other recent findings of reduced pain with the use of VR, and links decreased pain scales to heart rate and blood pressure, the physiological markers of pain. It also identifies VR as an acceptable and positive experience in the management of labour pain. Results from this study have the potential to inform design for future labour specific VR environments and expand its application in the field of biomedical technology.</p>

Giving Birth on a Beach Women's Experiences of Using Virtual Reality in Labour A Pragmatic Mixed Methods Approach

<p><b>Birth is a normal physiological process, and many women want a natural birth. However, there is worldwide concern over the increasing use of epidural analgesia and other pharmacological pain relief methods for women in labour. This tendency renders birth non-physiological by increasing the use of obstetric interventions with associated risks. Women use a range of non-pharmacological pain relief methods to reduce labour pain intensity, to help manage labour pain and to induce relaxation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women using virtual reality (VR) as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief in labour and to determine whether there was an effect on labour pain intensity. Virtual reality has been shown to be an effective distraction technique in other acute pain settings and also reduces anxiety.</b></p> <p>This study used a pragmatic mixed method approach with a sequential exploratory design, combining in-depth antenatal and postnatal interviews with an intervention study in labour in a cross-over within-subjects trial. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.</p> <p>Twenty-six pregnant women were recruited to the study. Fourteen participants reported their pain and had their heart rate and blood pressure measured during active labour while using and not using VR. There were significantly lower reported pain scores (6.14 compared to 7.61, p =<.001) and maternal heart rate (79.86 beats per minute compared to 85.57, p = .033) and mean arterial pressure (88.78 mmHg compared to 92.61 mmHg, p = .022) were lower when using VR during active labour. These differences were all statistically significant. Findings from qualitative postnatal interviews indicated a positive response to the use of VR in labour. Several themes were identified in the data. The first theme, Impact of VR on Labour, described the impact of VR on labour in terms of distraction, relaxation, enjoyment and a positive birth experience. The second theme, Managing the Pain, describes how VR was used by the women to manage their labour pain using breathing techniques and gaining a sense of control. In the third theme, The Challenges and Surprises of Using VR in Labour, women’s narratives recounted the various challenges of using the VR technology. Despite these challenges, ninety-four percent of women reported that they would use VR in labour again and would recommend it to a pregnant friend.</p> <p>This study provides a unique and original contribution to the field of VR in labour and birth. It is consistent with other recent findings of reduced pain with the use of VR, and links decreased pain scales to heart rate and blood pressure, the physiological markers of pain. It also identifies VR as an acceptable and positive experience in the management of labour pain. Results from this study have the potential to inform design for future labour specific VR environments and expand its application in the field of biomedical technology.</p>

REDUCING LABOR PAIN WITH WARM COMPRESS ON THE 1ST STAGE LABOR OF ACTIVE LABOR PHASE

Background: Labor pain is a visceral nociceptive pain caused by contraction and dilatation of the cervix. This condition affects the mother physically and psychologically. Pain that cannot be handled alone will cause anxiety and stress. Various techniques have been used to reduce pain during labor, which reduce emotional stress, increase calm, and physical contact while reducing pain. Warm compresses are a non-pharmacological method that can reduce labor pain. In addition, warm compresses are also a method that is cheap, simple, safe, and effective, without adverse side effects, and in accordance with the competence of midwives. This study aims to determine the effect of warm compresses in the first stage of the active phase on reducing labor pain. Methods: This research method is pre experimental designs with one group pretest-posttest research design. The number of samples as many as 10 maternity with purposive sampling sampling technique. This research was conducted in September-October 2019. Data analysis used the dependent T test. Results: The results showed that based on the results of the dependent t-Test test, the p value / Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.005, <0.05, thus there is a significant (significant) decrease between the average labor pain before which is 8.12 and after warm compresses is 6.86. Thus, there is an effect of warm compresses during the first stage of the active phase on reducing labor pain. Conclusion: There is an effect of warm compresses on decreasing labor pain scale.

Assessment of Effectiveness of Acupressure on Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting among Women with Reproductive Organ Cancer

Background of the study: Nausea and vomiting are among the most common and distressing symptoms that patients with cancer endure, both as a result of anti – neoplastic treatment and from the disease itself, and significantly affect patients selfcare, coping abilities, and quality of life. Effective management of these individual symptom's response must be there throughout the cancer treatment. Since the acupressure is an easily applicable method regardless of time and place, cost effective, self-controlled and noninvasive method, it can be used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among clients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological method, acupressure as a treatment modality to relieve nausea and vomiting among patients receiving chemotherapy. Methodology: A quasi-experimental pretest posttest design was adopted. The study sample comprised of 80 women admitted with ovarian cancer and cancer cervix receiving second and third cycle of chemotherapy. Non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted. Self-administered modified Rhode's index scale was administered to the women with reproductive organ cancer receiving second and third cycle of chemotherapy. The level of CINV was assessed by asking the women to indicate the level of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting being experienced by them. Results: Findings of this study revealed that acupressure has an effect on the women with ovarian and cervix cancer who were receiving chemotherapy by decreasing the level of CINV. Conclusion: acupressure will be an effective adjunctive in controlling chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and it can be tried in any oncological setting of clinical practice.

Literature Review: The Effect Of Lemon Aromatherapy On Emesis Gravidarum

Nausea and vomiting (Emesis Gravidarum) often occurs in 1st trimester pregnant women. The cause is due to an increase in the hormones estrogen and HCG in early pregnancy. One of the effects is dehydration which causes the fetus to experience problems, therefore therapy is needed one of the therapies to deal with is the aroma therapy of lemon. International literature searched by electronic means with key words (emesis, lemon therapy, aromatherapy). 8 selection articles on the effect of lemon aromatherapy on emesis gravidarum. Result of this study is there were differences in emesis gravidarum in aromatherapy with the same treatment. One of the treatments for emesis gravidarum is a non-pharmacological method, namely lemon aromatherapy. Aromatherapy lemon therapy contains 66-80% limonene, geranil acetate, nerol, linalyl acetate, 0.4-15% pinene, 1-4% pinene, 6-14% terpinene and myrcen. Chemical compounds such as geranil acetate, nerol are useful for antidepressants, nantiseptics, anti spasmodics to relieve feelings of anxiety, stress, and fatigue. Conclusion of this research that the use of lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing the occurrence of emesis gravidarum

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS WORTEL TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI DYSMENORRHEA PRIMER PADA REMAJA PUTRI KELAS VII DAN VIII DI SMPN 2 MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2020

One kind of ways to decrease the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents is through non-pharmacological method, namely by giving carrot juice. This study aims to determine the effect of carrot juice on the decrease in the level of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. This was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population was all students of the 7th and 8th grades of State Junior High School 2, Majalengka as many as 345 people and the samples consisted of 20 people taken with purposive sampling technique in April-June 2020. The univariate analysis was conducted using frequency distribution and the bivariate analysis was conducted using the Marginal Homogenity test. The results showed that more than half (55.0%) of adolescent girls experienced severe pain before the provision of carrot juice. Furthermore, a small proportion (10.0%) of adolescent girls experienced severe pain after the provision of carrot juice. There was an effect of carrot juice on the decrease in the level of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in the 7th and 8th grades of State Junuor High School 2, Majalengka in 2020.

PENGARUH PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA IBU HAMIL: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Selama periode kehamilan hingga masa nifas banyak sekali perubahan yang akan dialami perempuan, baik perubahan fisik maupun psikologis. Kecemasan dapat dirasakan oleh setiap orang jika mengalami tekanan dan perasaan mendalam, perasaan cemas pada ibu hamil akan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi psikologis dan kehamilannya. Ibu hamil dapat melatih keterampilan olah pikiran berupa teknik pengembangan fisik, psikis dan spiritual melalui prenatal yoga. Prenatal Yoga merupakan bentuk metode non farmakologis dalam mengatasi kecemasan ibu hamil. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh prenatal yoga terhadap tingkat kecamasan pada ibu hamil. Metode: Literatur mancanegara dan lokal ditelusuri melalui sarana media elektronik dengan penuntun kata kunci. Artikel terseleksi sejumlah 5 mancanegara dan 3 lokal, yang masing- masing mewakili pengaruh prenatal yoga dalam mengatasi kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Hasil: Prenatal Yoga merupakan metode efektif untuk mengurangi tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan analisa yang telah dilakukan yaitu prenatal yoga efektif mengurangi kecemasan yang dialami ibu hamil, karena terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Kata Kunci: Yoga Prenatal, Kecemasan, Ibu Hamil Abstract Background: During the period of pregnancy to the puerperium, a lot of changes will be experienced by women, both physical and psychological changes. Anxiety can be felt by everyone if they experience deep pressure and feelings, feelings of anxiety in pregnant women will affect their psychological condition and pregnancy. Pregnant women can practice mental skills in the form of physical, psychological and spiritual development techniques through prenatal yoga. Prenatal Yoga is a form of non-pharmacological method in dealing with anxiety of pregnant women. Purpose: to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on the level of sensitivity in pregnant women. Methods: International and local literature traced through electronic media with keyword guidance. The articles were selected as many as 5 foreign and 3 local each of which represents the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in overcoming anxiety in pregnant women. Results: Prenatal Yoga is an effective method to reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women. Conclusion: Based on the analysis that has been done, prenatal yoga is effective in reducing anxiety experienced by pregnant women, because there is a significant difference between anxiety levels before and after treatment. Keywords: Prenatal Yoga, Anxiety, Pregnancy

Labour Induction Methods: An Overview

Overall the rate of induced labours has increased and almost 25% of women undergo labour induction worldwide. Cervical ripening and cervical preparedness is necessary before labour can be induced. The status of the cervix is traditionally assessed with help of Bishop’s score. Labour induction becomes necessary when the cervix is not favourable as noted on the cervical scoring system. Mechanical or surgical methods or a combination of both can be sued for labour induction. These include Foley’s catheter induction, sweeping of membranes, amniotomy etc. Pharmacological agents like oxytocin, prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 and newer agents like mifepristone can be used. Mechanical methods like Foley’s catheter induction are associated with lesser FHR variability and decreased rates of caesarean section as compared with oxytocin infusion or prostaglandins used locally. Oxytocin is the most widely used pharmacological method used for induction of labour. Proper titration of oxytocin can result in contractions that mimic normal labour. Oxytocin is often combined with amniotomy. Prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 are safe and effective options for labour induction. Prostaglandin PGE1 or misoprostol is used in the dose of 25 microgram mcg given orally or vaginally or via the sub-lingual route. Prostaglandin PGE2 or dinoprostone is used intra-cervically or vaginally in the posterior fornix. The newer drug mifepristone is being studied as cervical ripening agents because of its anti-progesterone effect.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Menstrual difficulties among Adolescent Girls

Adolescence is a phase of changeover from childhood to adulthood. For a girl, adolescence is a blend of physical and psychological preparation to enrol into a safe motherhood1. Menstruation is a basic female physiological process, capable of affecting the several other metabolisms within the body2. This study was conducted to Assess the Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Menstrual Difficulties among Adolescent Girls in a Selected School at Puducherry. Pre experimental one group pretest post-test design was used in this study. 60 adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by Purposive sampling technique. On day one clinical variables and level of menstrual distress was assessed using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire with previous month experience. Aerobic Exercise session was started from 5th day of the cycle up to 22nd day weekly 3 days for 30minutes in a common room. Post test conducted using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire on the 5th day of the cycle the following month to assess the effectiveness of Aerobic Exercises. The study findings revealed that, the median difference in Menstrual Distress level between pretest and posttest with Aerobic Exercises intervention was observed to be highly statistically significant (p value<.0.001) Findings of the study revealed that there was highly statistically significant difference in the level of Menstrual Distress before and after Aerobic Exercises. Hence the study concluded that Aerobic Exercises being one of non pharmacological method was very effective in decreasing the level of Menstrual Distress among adolescent girls.