scholarly journals Which anxious adolescents are most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Morales ◽  
Selin Zeytinoglu ◽  
Nicole Lorenzo ◽  
Andrea Chronis-Tuscano ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Individual Effects

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions caused significant stress and anxiety among many, but individual effects of the pandemic vary widely. We examine if specific forms of anxiety (generalized vs. social) predict distinct trajectories of anxiety, perceived stress, and COVID-related worries during three early months of the pandemic. As part of a longitudinal study (N=291), adolescents’ (n=194) levels of social and generalized anxiety were assessed via parent- and self-reports and clinical diagnostic interviews. In young adulthood (n=164), anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries were assessed three times during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic generalized anxiety predicted higher initial levels and maintenance of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries during the pandemic. In contrast, pre-pandemic social anxiety predicted lower initial levels of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries followed by increases in anxiety and stress. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how pre-pandemic psychological factors influence individuals’ responses to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Interplay between Genetic and Environmental Contributions in the Unfolding of Personality Differences from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Trine Waaktaar ◽  
René Mõttus ◽  
Rainer Riemann ◽  
Svenn Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Twin Families ◽  
Adolescent Twins

In two studies, we examined the genetic and environmental sources of the unfolding of personality trait differences from childhood to emerging adulthood. Using self–reports from over 3000 representative German twin pairs of three birth cohorts, we could replicate previous findings on the primary role of genetic sources accounting for the unfolding of inter–individual differences in personality traits and stabilizing trait differences during adolescence. More specifically, the genetic variance increased between early (ages 10–12 years) and late (ages 16–18 years) adolescence and stabilized between late adolescence and young adulthood (ages 21–25 years). This trend could be confirmed in a second three–wave longitudinal study of adolescents’ personality self–reports and parent ratings from about 1400 Norwegian twin families (average ages between 15 and 20 years). Moreover, the longitudinal study provided evidence for increasing genetic differences being primarily due to accumulation of novel genetic influences instead of an amplification of initial genetic variation. This is in line with cumulative interaction effects between twins’ correlated genetic makeups and environmental circumstances shared by adolescent twins reared together. In other words, nature × nurture interactions rather than transactions can account for increases in genetic variance and thus personality variance during adolescence. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

Weight Misperception and Mental Health from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Longitudinal Study of an Ethnically Diverse UK Cohort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Elia ◽  
Alexis Karamanos ◽  
Maria João Silva ◽  
Maeve O’Connor ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Weight Misperception

Sleep duration, sleep problems and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline De Looze ◽  
Joanne C Feeney ◽  
Siobhan Scarlett ◽  
Rebecca Hirst ◽  
Silvin P Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Changes

Abstract Study Objectives This study examines the cross-sectional and two-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults. Methods 417 adults (aged 68.8±7.3; 54% women) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing completed an interview, a questionnaire and multiparametric brain MRI. The relationships between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress and total hippocampal volume were examined by using ordinary least squares regressions. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the relationships between sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress, changes in these measures over two-years and hippocampal subfield volumes. Results No cross-sectional and follow-up associations between sleep and total hippocampal volume and between stress and total hippocampal volume were found. By contrast, Long sleep (≥9-10 hours / night) was associated with smaller volumes of molecular layer, hippocampal tail, presubiculum and subiculum. The co-occurrence of Short sleep (≤6 hours) and perceived stress was associated with smaller cornu ammonis 1, molecular layer, subiculum and tail. Sleep problems independently and in conjunction with higher stress, and increase in sleep problems over 2 years were associated with smaller volumes of these same subfields. Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of concurrently assessing sub-optimal sleep and stress for phenotyping individuals at risk of hippocampal subfield atrophy.

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