scholarly journals Improving our Risk Communication: Standardized Risk Levels for BARR-2002R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Blais ◽  
Kelly M. Babchishin ◽  
R. Karl Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level I ◽  
General Recidivism

A Five-Level Risk and Needs system has been proposed as a common language for standardizing the meaning of risk levels across risk/need tools used in corrections. Study 1 examined whether the Five-Levels could be applied to BARR-2002R (N = 2,390), an actuarial tool for general recidivism. Study 2 examined the construct validity of BARR-2002R risk levels in two samples of individuals with a history of sexual offending (N = 1,081). Study 1 found reasonable correspondence between BARR-2002R scores and four of the five standardized risk levels (no Level V). Study 2 found that the profiles of individuals in Levels II, III, and IV were mostly consistent with expectations; however, individuals in the lowest risk level (Level I) had more criminogenic needs than expected based on the original descriptions of the Five-Levels. The Five-Level system was mostly successful when applied to BARR-2002R. Revisions to this system, or the inclusion of putatively dynamic risk factors and protective factors, may be required to improve alignment with the information provided by certain risk tools.

scholarly journals Stable-2007 and indeterminate detention

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Implicit Assessment

Public safety is the primary reason to assess future risk in men with a history of sexual offending. Over the last twenty-five years our knowledge of, and ability to assess, dynamic risk factors in men with a history of sexual offending has meaningfully improved, but understanding, adoption, utilization, and reasonable implementation of the fruits of this new knowledge is not universal. This article presents a brief overview of the development of dynamic risk assessment for men with a history of sexual offending, primarily following the work of R. Karl Hanson and his associates. This is followed by a review of a meta-analysis on the reliability and validity of STABLE-2007 and two other independent studies that provide useful ancillary information. Utilizing STABLE-2007 with men faced with, or under sanction of indeterminate detention is the focus of this paper and we will review how mental health diagnoses affect recidivism assessment, some concerns about implicit assessment biases, how to employ stable dynamic assessment in secure facilities, address treatment implications resulting from dynamic assessment, and present ideas for future research. I will close by presenting nine (9) arguments why using STABLE-2007 is recommended practice with indeterminate detention populations.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Risk Factors–Based Typology of Sexual Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (14) ◽  
pp. 1623-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martínez-Catena ◽  
Santiago Redondo ◽  
Nina Frerich ◽  
Anthony R. Beech
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article was to develop an Spanish psychometric typology of sexual offenders taking into account dynamic risk factors. The sample comprised 94 sex offenders imprisoned in Spain (52 rapists and 42 child molesters). The analysis yielded two different offender categories based on the subjects’ criminogenic needs level (high and low). The results also showed that social desirability has a strong influence on the developed typologies, whereas the offence type, sociodemographic characteristics, and criminal history do not. A dynamic risk factors typology, such as the one proposed here, could help criminal and correctional facilities to fulfill their remit. It could also be useful for linking treatment intensity to offenders’ criminogenic needs, as well as providing a platform for recidivism risk assessments.

scholarly journals High-Risk Violent Prisoners’ Patterns of Change on Parole on the DRAOR’s Dynamic Risk and Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon L. L. Polaschek ◽  
Julia A. Yesberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitative Intervention

Few studies have examined change after treatment completion; such investigations can enhance our understanding of how a rehabilitative intervention leads to reduced recidivism. The current study uses growth curve modeling to investigate change in dynamic risk factors in the community, following two samples of high-risk violent men for up to 12 months on parole. While in prison, one sample had completed intensive psychological treatment, whereas the other completed no programs or briefer programs. As expected, based on Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-Entry (DRAOR) scores, intensive program completers entered the community with higher protective and lower stable and acute dynamic factors, and showed less variability on acute risk factors, as did all of those with better initial scores. But the two samples improved at a similar rate over the course of parole. Those with initially poorer scores changed less on parole except for protective factors; those with stronger initial protective scores showed less change.

Consistency and Construct Validity of the Five-Level System for Risk Communication Using Static and Dynamic Tools: An Investigation Using the Static-99R and VRS-SO

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110613
Author(s):  
Neil R. Hogan ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Level System ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Sexually Offended ◽  
Risk Categories

This study examined the Council of State Governments’ five-level system for risk communication, as applied to the Static-99R and Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense Version (VRS-SO). Aims of the system include increasing consistency in risk communication and linking risk categories to psychologically meaningful constructs. We investigated concordance between risk levels assigned by the instruments, and distributions of VRS-SO dynamic needs associated with Static-99R risk levels, among a multisite sample ( n = 1,404) of persons who have sexually offended. Concordant categorical risk ratings were assigned in just over a third of cases, suggesting that consistency remains a concern with the system, particularly when conceptually disparate tools are applied. Densities of criminogenic needs varied widely among persons assigned the same risk level by the Static-99R and diverged from the descriptions ascribed by the system. These findings can inform clinical assessments and further refinement of the system.

Does Reassessment Enhance the Prediction of Imminent Criminal Recidivism? Replicating Lloyd et al. (2020) With High-Risk Parolees

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199321
Author(s):  
Simon T. Davies ◽  
Caleb D. Lloyd ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment

Lloyd et al. (2020) proposed and tested a novel three-step framework for examining the extent to which reassessment of dynamic risk and protective factors enhances the prediction of imminent criminal recidivism. We conducted a conceptual replication of Lloyd et al.’s study. We used the same dynamic risk assessment measure in the same jurisdiction but, unlike Lloyd et al., our sample comprised solely high-risk men on parole in New Zealand ( N = 966), the individuals who are most frequently reassessed in the community and most likely to imminently reoffend. The results of the previous study were largely reproduced: reassessment consistently enhanced prediction, with the most pronounced effects observed for a scale derived from theoretically acute dynamic risk factors. These findings indicate reassessment effects are robust to sample selection based on a narrower range of risk levels and remain robust across years of practice in applied contexts, despite potential organizational drift from initial training and reassessment fatigue. The findings also provide further support for the practice of ongoing risk reassessment in community supervision and suggest that the method proposed by Lloyd et al. is a replicable approach for testing the essential criteria for defining dynamic risk and protective factors.

Incremental Contributions of Static and Dynamic Sexual Violence Risk Assessment: Integrating Static-99R and VRS-SO Common Language Risk Levels

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482097440
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olver ◽  
Sharon M. Kelley ◽  
Drew A. Kingston ◽  
Sarah M. Beggs Christofferson ◽  
David Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Violence Risk Assessment ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Dynamic Risk

We examined the incremental contributions of static and dynamic sexual violence risk assessment in a multisite sample of 1,289 men treated for sexual offending. The study extends validation work that established new risk categories and recidivism estimates for the Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense version (VRS-SO), using the risk assessment common language (CL) framework. Different rates of sexual recidivism were observed at different thresholds of static risk (Static-99R) as a function of dynamic risk and treatment change, particularly for men who were actuarially above or well above average risk (Levels IVa and IVb, respectively). A framework integrating CL risk levels for Static-99R and VRS-SO dynamic scores into overall CL risk levels is presented. We discuss implications for dynamic sexual violence risk assessment regarding the language used for risk communication and the importance of dynamic risk instruments in sexual violence evaluations, particularly when credible agents of risk change may be present.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Predictors of General and Violent Criminal Offense Recidivism in the Forensic Outpatient Population: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara J. Eisenberg ◽  
Joan E. van Horn ◽  
Judith M. Dekker ◽  
Mark Assink ◽  
Claudia E. van der Put ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Forensic Population ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
General Recidivism ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Static Risk

Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general forensic population. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to focus exclusively on the predictive validity of risk factors for recidivism in forensic outpatients. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted of studies in which static and dynamic risk factors were investigated as predictors of violent and/or general recidivism in forensic outpatients. Twenty-seven studies were included, with 543 effect sizes in a unique population of 116,982 adult offenders. The Central Eight risk domains were found to be predictive of violent and general recidivism; however, these factors predicted recidivism with small-to-moderate effects. Overall, in the same domain, the dynamic risk factors were more strongly related to recidivism than the static risk factors. This knowledge may be used to guide future outpatient treatment.

The prospects of occupational risk management during reforms of regulatory legislation basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim B. Alekseev ◽  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Pavel Z. Shur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Legal Principles

Despite wide legislation basis of regulating relations in work safety and workers’ health, one third of workplaces demonstrate exceeded allowable normal levels of workers’ exposure to occupational hazards and present occupational risk for health disorders.In accordance to national legislation acts, evaluation should cover factors of occupational environment and working process, and occupational risk is understood in context of mandatory social insurance. This approach has been formed due to mostly compensatory trend in legal principles of work safety in Russia by now. Implementation of new preventive concept of work safety, based on idea of risk management for workers, necessitates development of legal acts that regulate requirements to evaluation of occupational risk and its reports with consideration of changes in Federal Law on 30 March 1999 №52 FZ “On sanitary epidemiologic well-being of population”.Those acts can include Sanitary Rules and Regulations “Evaluation of occupational risk for workers’ health”, that will contain main principles of risk assessment, requirements to risk assessment, including its characteristics which can serve as a basis of categorizing the risk levels with acceptability.To standardize requirements for informing a worker on the occupational risk, the expediency is specification of sanitary rules “Notifying a worker on occupational risk”. These rules should contain requirements: to a source of data on occupational risk level at workplace, to informational content and to ways of notifying the worker. Specification and implementation of the stated documents enable to fulfil legal requirements completely on work safety — that will provide preservation and increase of efficiency in using work resources.

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