scholarly journals Effect of tDCS over the Right Inferior Parietal Lobule on Mind-Wandering Propensity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Coulborn ◽  
Howard Bowman ◽  
Chris Miall ◽  
Davinia Fernández-Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subjective Reports

Mind-wandering is associated with switching our attention to internally directed thoughts and is by definition an intrinsic, self-generated cognitive function. Interestingly, previous research showed that it may be possible to modulate its propensity externally, with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting different regions in the default mode and executive control networks. However, these studies used highly heterogeneous montages (targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), or both concurrently), often showed contradicting results, and in many cases failed to replicate. Our study aimed to establish whether tDCS of the default mode network, via targeting the right IPL alone, could modulate mind-wandering propensity using a within-subjects double-blind, counterbalanced design. Participants completed a sustained attention to response task (SART) interspersed with thought-probes to capture their subjective reports of mind-wandering before and after receiving anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS over the right IPL (with the reference over the left cheek). We found evidence for the lack of an effect of stimulation on subjective reports of mind-wandering (JZS-BF01 = 5.19), as well as on performance on the SART task (errors (JZS-BF01 = 6.79) and reaction time (JZS-BF01 = 5.94). Overall, we failed to replicate previous reports of successful modulations of mind-wandering propensity with tDCS over the IPL, instead providing evidence in support of the lack of an effect. This, and other recent unsuccessful replications call into question whether it is indeed possible to externally modulate spontaneous or self-generated cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Effect of tDCS Over the Right Inferior Parietal Lobule on Mind-Wandering Propensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Coulborn ◽  
Howard Bowman ◽  
R. Chris Miall ◽  
Davinia Fernández-Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

Using Bilateral tDCS to Modulate EEG Amplitude and Coherence of Men With Opioid Use Disorder Under Methadone Therapy: A Sham-controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110221
Author(s):  
Hossein Mostafavi ◽  
Mohsen Dadashi ◽  
Alireza Faridi ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemzadeh ◽  
Zakaria Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the electroencephalography (EEG) amplitude and coherence in male patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), who were under methadone therapy. It compares the effects of active versus sham tDCS. Methods. This is a double-blind sham-controlled clinical trial. Participants were 30 male patients with OUD; they were divided into 3 groups of left anode/right cathode tDCS, right anode/left cathode tDCS, and sham tDCS. Their brainwave activity was measured by quantitative EEG before study and then active groups underwent tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) applied over their right/left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 consecutive days. After stimulation, they were re-assessed. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS, MATLAB, and NeuroGuide v.2 applications. Results. After active tDCS, a significant decrease in amplitude of slow brain waves (delta, theta, and alpha) in prefrontal, frontal, occipital, and parietal areas, and an increase in the coherence of beta, delta, and theta frequency bands in the parietal, central, and temporal regions of addicts were reported. In the sham group, there was a significant decrease in the amplitude of the alpha wave and in the coherence of delta and theta waves. Conclusion. The active tDCS over the right/left DLPFC, as a noninvasive and complementary treatment, can modulate the amplitude and coherence of brainwaves in patients with OUD.

scholarly journals The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Schubert ◽  
Gidon T. Frischkorn ◽  
Jan Rummel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Ongoing Task ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Response Task ◽  
Thought Probes

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the measurement of mind-wandering during ongoing tasks. The frequently used online thought-probing procedure (OTPP), in which individuals are probed on whether their thoughts are on-task or not while performing an ongoing task, has repeatedly been criticized, because variations in the frequency of thought probes and the order in which on-task and off-task thoughts are referred to have been shown to affect mind-wandering rates. Hitherto, it is unclear whether this susceptibility to measurement variation only affects mean response rates in probe-caught mind-wandering or poses an actual threat to the validity of the OTPP, endangering the replicability and generalizability of study results. Here we show in a sample of 177 students that variations of the frequency or framing of thought probes do not affect the validity of the OTPP. While we found that more frequent thought probing reduced the rate of probe-caught mind-wandering, we did not replicate the effect that mind-wandering is more likely to be reported when off-task thoughts are referred to first rather than second. Crucially, associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and task performance, as well as associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and covariates (trait mind-wandering, reaction-time variability in the metronome-response task, working-memory capacity) did not change with variations of the probing procedure. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the great heterogeneity in the way the OTPP is implemented across different studies endangers the replicability and generalizability of study results. Data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/7w8bm/.

scholarly journals Activation in the Right Inferior Parietal Lobule Reflects the Representation of Musical Structure beyond Simple Pitch Discrimination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0155291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Royal ◽  
Dominique T. Vuvan ◽  
Benjamin Rich Zendel ◽  
Nicolas Robitaille ◽  
Marc Schönwiesner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

Going AWOL in the Brain: Mind Wandering Reduces Cortical Analysis of External Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Smallwood ◽  
Emily Beach ◽  
Jonathan W. Schooler ◽  
Todd C. Handy
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Response Task ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Subjective Reports

Converging evidence from neuroscience suggests that our attention to the outside world waxes and wanes over time. We examined whether these periods of “mind wandering” are associated with reduced cortical analysis of the external environment. Participants performed a sustained attention to response task in which they responded to frequent “nontargets” (digits 0–9) and withheld responses for infrequent “targets” (the letter X). Mind wandering was defined both behaviorally, indicated by a failure to withhold a response to a target, and subjectively, via self-report at a thought probe. The P300 event-related potential component for nontargets was reduced prior to both the behavioral and subjective reports of mind wandering, relative to periods of being “on-task.” Regression analysis of P300 amplitude revealed significant common variance between behavioral and subjective markers of mind wandering, suggesting that both markers reflect a common underlying mental state. Finally, control analysis revealed that the effect of mind wandering on the P300 could not be ascribed to changes in motor activity nor was it associated with general arousal. Our data suggest that when trying to engage attention in a sustained manner, the mind will naturally ebb and flow in the depth of cognitive analysis it applies to events in the external environment.

scholarly journals Involvement of the right inferior parietal lobule in shape retrieval is modulated by prior tactile experience with objects

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
R. T. Oliver ◽  
E. J. Geiger ◽  
B. C. Lewandowski ◽  
S. L. Thompson-Schill
Keyword(s):  
Shape Retrieval ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right
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