censusADHD Study: An Australian-wide medication-based recruitment study for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Lind ◽  
Sarah Medland
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Persistent Pattern ◽  
Prescription Costs ◽  
Behavioural Profile ◽  
Adhd Subtype ◽  
Adhd Medications ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects around 5% of children and is characterised by a persistent pattern of problems with focussing or maintaining attention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The censusADHD Study is a richly-phenotyped nation-wide cohort of Australian children with ADHD that aims to examine the impact of children’s attention and behavioural problems on the financial, emotional, and psychological wellbeing of parents and caregivers. Methods: Families of potential ADHD cases aged between 6 and 11 years old were identified using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) prescription records for ADHD medications held by the Department of Human Services and sent a study information letter. Data were collected from 1,574 primary caregivers via online survey from June-September 2015, including the behavioural profile of the index child, the child’s medication use and experiences with side-effects, and the impact of the child’s behaviour on the caregiver. Approximately 81% of caregivers also consented to record linkage of the child’s PBS and Medicare Benefits Schedule claims.Results: Boys were diagnosed with ADHD earlier (P=0.021) and more likely to present as the combined and predominantly hyperactive subtypes (P=0.001). Boys were also at higher risk for experiencing a school suspension (P<0.001) or expulsion (P=0.043). Overall, children presenting as the combined subtype had higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities (P<0.001). Finally, prescription costs for each family and the PBS significantly increased in the year following ADHD diagnosis (P<0.001).Conclusion: Research examining the psychosocial and financial impact of ADHD on Australian children and their families in population-representative cohorts is needed. Our findings demonstrate the importance of examining both gender and ADHD subtype presentation in future studies.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Educational Services in Canadian Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmia Hai ◽  
Rose Swansburg ◽  
Frank P. MacMaster ◽  
Jean-François Lemay
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic led to school closures and a rapid transition to online classes. However, little is known about the impact of online learning in Canadian children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An online survey created on Qualtrics was distributed to families across Canada. Data collection was conducted over a total of five weeks in May and June 2020. We reviewed 587 surveys (4% margin of error using a 95% confidence interval) completed by caregivers/parents of children with ADHD (mean child age 10.14 years, SD = 3.06). Survey questions focused on hours of schoolwork completed and whether the learning needs of children with ADHD were met during school closures. Results indicated 90% of children with ADHD received web-based learning during the pandemic. Parents (41%) reported < 5 h of schoolwork per week, and 35% indicated between 5 to 10 h. Of the parents who said their child with ADHD had a modified curriculum (68%), 40% reported receiving educational materials that met their learning expectations during online classes. Parents (59%) reported that their child found it “very challenging” adjusting to online classes. The results indicated that children with ADHD faced significant challenges in adapting to online learning during the pandemic. Binary logistic regression indicated significant associations between depression severity, difficulties with starting and managing tasks and challenges adjusting to online learning. Long-term consequences of these challenges will need to be determined to ensure children with ADHD are able to meet their academic expectations.

The Impact of Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Mihail Silviu Tudosie ◽  
Elena Truta ◽  
Ana Maria Davitoiu ◽  
Luminita Stanciulescu ◽  
George Jinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health State ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

scholarly journals Does Cannabis, Cocaine and Alcohol Use Impact Differently on Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Picture?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Vincenza Spera ◽  
Alessandro Pallucchini ◽  
Marco Carli ◽  
Marco Maiello ◽  
Angelo G. I. Maremmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Adhd Subtype

While the association between adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (A-ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) has been widely explored, less attention has been dedicated to the various substance use variants. In a previous paper, we identified two variants: type 1 (use of stimulants/alcohol) and type 2 (use of cannabinoids). In this study, we compared demographic, clinical and symptomatologic features between Dual Disorder A-ADHD (DD/A-ADHD) patients according to our substance use typology, and A-ADHD without DD (NDD/A-ADHD) ones. NDD patients were more frequently diagnosed as belonging to inattentive ADHD subtype compared with type 1 DD/A-ADHD patients, but not with respect to type 2 DD/ADHD. NDD/A-ADHD patients showed less severe symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity than DD/A-ADHD type 1, but not type 2. Type 1 and type 2 patients shared the feature of displaying higher impulsiveness than NDD/A-ADHD ones. General psychopathology scores were more severe in type 2 DD/ADHD patients, whereas type 1 patients showed greater similarity to NDD/A-ADHD. Legal problems were more strongly represented in type 1 than in type 2 patients or NDD/A-ADHD ones. Our results suggest that type 1 and type 2 substance use differ in their effects on A-ADHD patients—an outcome that brings with it different likely implications in dealing with the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

scholarly journals Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Yadav ◽  
Ajaz A. Bhat ◽  
Sheema Hashem ◽  
Sabah Nisar ◽  
Madeeha Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55–66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.

scholarly journals Clinical and social factors associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: population-based longitudinal study

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Galéra ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault ◽  
Grégory Michel ◽  
Manuel-Pierre Bouvard ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood.AimsTo assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use.MethodSurvival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort. The sample (n = 1920) was assessed from age 5 months to 10 years. Measures of children's psychiatric symptoms, parenting practices and social characteristics available at baseline and during follow-up were used to identify individual and family-level features associated with subsequent use of ADHD medication.ResultsUse of ADHD medication ranged from 0.2 to 8.6% between ages 3.5 to 10 years. Hyperactivity–inattention was the strongest predictor of medication use (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.75, 95% CI 2.35–3.22). Among all social variables examined, low maternal education increased the likelihood of medication use (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.38–3.18) whereas immigrant status lowered this likelihood (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.92).ConclusionsBeyond ADHD symptoms, the likelihood of receiving ADHD medication is predicted by social variables and not by psychiatric comorbidity or by parenting. This emphasises the need to improve global interventions by offering the same therapeutic opportunities (including medication) as those received by the rest of the population to some subgroups (i.e. immigrants) and by diminishing possible unnecessary prescriptions.

scholarly journals PERILAKU ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN (STUDI KASUS PESERTA DIDIK) DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI GEJAYAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nugrahini Indra Umratun Wakhaj ◽  
Nurul Hidayati Rofiah
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Impact

The behavior of primary school-age students today is very diverse, one of these behaviors are children who are very difficult to manage, can not be silent and as if not paying attention to the lessons in the classroom. These children usually experience emotional and behavioral disorders in its development of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). This study aims to describe the behavior and impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the learning process in grade 4 students of SD Negeri Gejayan.This type of research is a type of Descriptive Qualitative research, with data collection techniques of observation, interview, and doumentation. The subjects in this research are DA fourth graders of SD Negeri Gejayan. While the data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.The results showed that there was Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behavior in the learning process in Grade IV of Gejayan State Elementary School which consisted of three behaviors: inattensi, hyperactive and impulsive behavior. The impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behavior affects three aspects including (1) impact on learning process or education, (2) impact on student's behavior in learning process and, (3) impact to social aspect of student in process learning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document