scholarly journals Measuring engagement elicited by eye contact in Human-Robot Interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyveli Kompatsiari ◽  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Explicit Measures

The present study aimed at investigating how eye contact established by a humanoid robot affects engagement in human-robot interaction (HRI). To this end, we combined explicit subjective evaluations with implicit measures, i.e. reaction times and eye tracking. More specifically, we employed a gaze cueing paradigm in HRI protocol involving the iCub robot. Critically, before moving its gaze, iCub either established eye contact or not with the user. We investigated the patterns of fixations of participants’ gaze on the robot’s face, joint attention and the subjective ratings of engagement as a function of eye contact or no eye contact. We found that eye contact affected implicit measures of engagement, i.e. longer fixation times on the robot’s face during eye contact, and joint attention elicited only after the robot established eye contact. On the contrary, explicit measures of engagement with the robot did not vary across conditions. Our results highlight the value of combining explicit with implicit measures in an HRI protocol in order to unveil underlying human cognitive mechanisms, which might be at stake during the interactions. These mechanisms could be crucial for establishing an effective and engaging HRI, and could potentially provide guidelines to the robotics community with respect to better robot design.

scholarly journals Neuro-cognitive mechanisms of decision making in joint action: A human–robot interaction study

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Bicho ◽  
Wolfram Erlhagen ◽  
Luis Louro ◽  
Eliana Costa e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Robot Interaction

Effects of Eye Contact and Iconic Gestures on Message Retention in Human-Robot Interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. van Dijk ◽  
Elena Torta ◽  
Raymond H. Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Eye Contact ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction

scholarly journals Neuroscientifically-grounded research for improved human-robot interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyveli Kompatsiari ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Giorgio Metta ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study highlights the benefits of using well-controlled experimental designs, grounded in experimental psychology research and objective neuroscientific methods, for generating progress in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. In this study, we implemented a well-studied paradigm of attentional cueing through gaze (the so-called “joint attention” or “gaze cueing”) in an HRI protocol involving the iCub robot. We replicated the standard phenomenon of joint attention both in terms of behavioral measures and event-related potentials of the EEG signal. Our methodology of combining neuroscience methods with an HRI protocol opens promising avenues both for a better design of robots which are to interact with humans, and also for increasing the ecological validity of research in social and cognitive neuroscience.

scholarly journals Robot Gaze Behavior Affects Honesty in Human-Robot Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elef Schellen ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Deceptive Behavior

As the use of humanoid robots proliferates, an increasing amount of people may find themselves face-to-“face” with a robot in everyday life. Although there is a plethora of information available on facial social cues and how we interpret them in the field of human-human social interaction, we cannot assume that these findings flawlessly transfer to human-robot interaction. Therefore, more research on facial cues in human-robot interaction is required. This study investigated deception in human-robot interaction context, focusing on the effect that eye contact with a robot has on honesty towards this robot. In an iterative task, participants could assist a humanoid robot by providing it with correct information, or potentially secure a reward for themselves by providing it with incorrect information. Results show that participants are increasingly honest after the robot establishes eye contact with them, but only if this is in response to deceptive behavior. Behavior is not influenced by the establishment of eye contact if the participant is actively engaging in honest behavior. These findings support the notion that humanoid robots can be perceived as, and treated like, social agents, since the herein described effect mirrors one present in human-human social interaction.

scholarly journals In natural interaction with embodied robots, we prefer it when they follow our gaze: a gaze-contingent mobile eyetracking study

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20180036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Right

Initiating joint attention by leading someone's gaze is a rewarding experience which facilitates social interaction. Here, we investigate this experience of leading an agent's gaze while applying a more realistic paradigm than traditional screen-based experiments. We used an embodied robot as our main stimulus and recorded participants' eye movements. Participants sat opposite a robot that had either of two ‘identities’—‘Jimmy’ or ‘Dylan’. Participants were asked to look at either of two objects presented on screens to the left and the right of the robot. Jimmy then looked at the same object in 80% of the trials and at the other object in the remaining 20%. For Dylan, this proportion was reversed. Upon fixating on the object of choice, participants were asked to look back at the robot's face. We found that return-to-face saccades were conducted earlier towards Jimmy when he followed the gaze compared with when he did not. For Dylan, there was no such effect. Additional measures indicated that our participants also preferred Jimmy and liked him better. This study demonstrates (a) the potential of technological advances to examine joint attention where ecological validity meets experimental control, and (b) that social reorienting is enhanced when we initiate joint attention. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.

Predicting Spontaneous Big Five Behavior with Implicit Association Tests

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Stefanie Schulze König
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

According to theories brought forward recently, implicit measures based on reaction times, for instance Implicit Association Tests (IATs), should predict spontaneous behavior better than explicit measures. We applied five IATs to the measurement of the Big Five personality factors and tested whether the IATs predicted spontaneous behavior. The results show that, although implicit and explicit measures of personality dimensions were related at times, the correlations between them and with behavior suggest that these constructs should be differentiated. IATs predicted spontaneous behavior, but explicit measures did not. In contrast, explicit measures, but not IATs, were related to transparent self-ratings of behavior.

Improving human-robot interaction based on joint attention

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evren Dağlarlı ◽  
Sare Funda Dağlarlı ◽  
Gülay Öke Günel ◽  
Hatice Köse
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction
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