scholarly journals Sexual orientation predicts men’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face-shape characteristics: a replication study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kenji Medeiros Shiramizu ◽  
Ciaran Docherty ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Benedict C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Many researchers have proposed that straight men prefer women’s faces displaying feminine shape characteristics at least partly because mating with such women will produce healthier offspring. Although a prediction of this adaptation-for-mate-choice hypothesis is that straight men will show stronger preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of women’s faces than will gay men, only one previous study has directly tested this prediction. Here we directly replicated that study by comparing 623 gay and 3163 straight men’s preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of faces. Consistent with the adaptation-for-mate-choice hypothesis of straight men’s femininity preferences, we found that straight men showed significantly stronger preferences for feminized female faces than did gay men. Consistent with previous research suggesting that gay men place a premium on masculinity in potential romantic partners, we also found that gay men showed significantly stronger preferences for masculinized versions of male faces than did straight men. Together, these findings indicate the sexual orientation contributes to individual differences in men’s face preferences.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation predicts men’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face-shape characteristics: A replication study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242262
Author(s):  
Victor Shiramizu ◽  
Ciaran Docherty ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Benedict C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Many researchers have proposed that straight men prefer women’s faces displaying feminine shape characteristics at least partly because mating with such women will produce healthier offspring. Although a prediction of this adaptation-for-mate-choice hypothesis is that straight men will show stronger preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of women’s faces than will gay men, only one previous study has directly tested this prediction. Here we directly replicated that study by comparing 623 gay and 3163 straight men’s preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of faces. Consistent with the adaptation-for-mate-choice hypothesis of straight men’s femininity preferences, we found that straight men showed significantly stronger preferences for feminized female faces than did gay men. Consistent with previous research suggesting that gay men place a premium on masculinity in potential romantic partners, we also found that gay men showed significantly stronger preferences for masculinized versions of male faces than did straight men. Together, these findings indicate the sexual orientation contributes to individual differences in men’s face preferences.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation predicts women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face-shape characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kenji Medeiros Shiramizu ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Benedict C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Previous research has suggested that heterosexual women show stronger preferences for images of male faces displaying masculine shape characteristics than do homosexual women. Because many other findings regarding individual differences in women’s masculinity preferences have not replicated in subsequent studies, we carried out a direct replication of Glassenberg et al’s (2010) comparison of heterosexual and homosexual women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face-shape characteristics. In common with Glassenberg et al., our replication study found that heterosexual women (N = 20,360) showed stronger preferences for masculine men that did homosexual women (N = 1598). This association between women’s sexual orientation and masculinity preferences is consistent with the proposal that heterosexual women’s masculinity preferences, at least partly, reflect hypothesized benefits to offspring fathered by masculine men. However, we also emphasize the importance of testing alternative explanations in future research, such as those that might stem from between-group differences in visual experience with different types of faces.

scholarly journals Women’s Preferences for Sexual Dimorphism in Faces: Data from a Sample of Arab Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. H. Alharbi ◽  
Iris J. Holzleitner ◽  
Anthony J. Lee ◽  
S. Adil Saribay ◽  
Benedict C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Shape Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Many previous studies have investigated the effects of manipulating sexually dimorphic shape characteristics in face images on attractiveness judgments. However, results have been mixed and show considerable cross-cultural variability, particularly for women’s judgments of men’s facial attractiveness. Because very little research has investigated face preferences in Arab samples, we assessed Arab women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face shapes (study 1) and the effect of sexually dimorphic face shapes on Arab women’s dominance perceptions (study 2). Analyses showed that Arab women preferred feminized versions of both women’s and men’s faces over masculinized versions (study 1, N = 272) and that masculinizing face shape had a positive effect on Arab women’s perceptions of the dominance of men, but not women (study 2, N = 270). These image manipulations did not have a significant effect on perceptions of trustworthiness, however (study 3, N = 434). Collectively, these results suggest that Arab women prefer relatively feminine face shapes in potential mates that they perceive as being low dominance. We discuss some directions for future research on the ultimate function of Arab women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces

scholarly journals Women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces: Data from a sample of Arab women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Aied Alharbi ◽  
Iris Jasmin Holzleitner ◽  
Anthony J Lee ◽  
Selahattin Adil Saribay ◽  
Benedict C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Shape Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

Many previous studies have investigated the effects of manipulating sexually dimorphic shape characteristics in face images on attractiveness judgments. However, results have been mixed and show considerable cross-cultural variability, particularly for women’s judgments of men’s facial attractiveness. Because very little research has investigated face preferences in Arab samples, we assessed Arab women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face shapes (Study 1) and the effect of sexually dimorphic face shapes on Arab women’s dominance perceptions (Study 2). Analyses showed that Arab women preferred feminized versions of both women’s and men’s faces over masculinized versions (Study 1, N = 272) and that masculinizing face shape had a positive effect on Arab women’s perceptions of the dominance of men, but not women (Study 2, N = 270). These image manipulations did not have a significant effect on perceptions of trustworthiness, however (Study 3, N = 434). Collectively, these results suggest that Arab women prefer relatively feminine face shapes in potential mates that they perceive as being low dominance. We discuss some directions for future research on the ultimate function of Arab women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in faces

scholarly journals The Trouble with Inversion: An examination of science and sexual orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Rebekah Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Structural Research

Although some are excited about the possibility of using current scientific research into the biological causes of sexual orientation to ground rights claims, I argue that basing rights claims on this research is unwise because this research, specifically the hormonal, genetic, and structural research, is organized around the inversion assumption, a conceptual scheme within which some aspect of the biology of gay men and lesbians is thought to be inverted along sex lines. While there are many reasons to worry about the use of the inversion assumption, I focus on problems that arise from a further set of claims that must be assumed in order to make the use of the inversion assumption coherent. This further set of assumptions includes the claims (1) that heterosexuality is the standard state and that (2) this standard state is sexually-dimorphic and (3) deterministic. I argue that this set of assumptions is problematic because it results in ideological consequences that are both sexist and heterosexist.

Cod courtship song: a song at the expense of dance?

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Engen ◽  
Ivar Folstad
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Courtship Song ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Tentative Explanation

Sexually selected characters may reveal information about individual quality during mate choice. Fin display and sound emitted with the aid of specific drumming muscles are characters described as being of importance in the reproductive behaviour of cod (Gadus morhua L.). We examined whether the mass of drumming muscles or fin size was sexually dimorphic, and whether these characters could provide information about male cod that was potentially of benefit to mate-seeking females. The mass of drumming muscles, but not fin size, was sexually dimorphic, with males having larger muscles than females. Neither the mass of drumming muscles nor fin size apparently revealed information about traits that may be associated with parasite resistance in males (i.e., parasite intensities and leukocyte densities). However, variation in fertilization potential (i.e., spermatocrit level) among males was related to both mass of drumming muscles and fin size. Thus, by evaluating sound and fin size, mate-seeking females may obtain information about fertilization ability among males. This may be of particular importance for females in a species whose eggs commonly remain unfertilized. Furthermore, males with large drumming muscles and small fins had low spermatocrit levels. This may reflect reductions in sperm density resulting from frequent ejaculations by attractive males. A costly allocation of resources for the development of drumming muscles at the expense of fin muscles used for propulsion is presented as a tentative explanation as to why females should pay attention to these particular traits during courtship. Increased investment in "song" may thus appear at the expense of "dance."

The impact of demographic factors on the way lesbian and gay employees manage their sexual orientation at work

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 992-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Köllen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence demographic factors have on the way lesbians and gay men manage their sexual orientation at work. Design/methodology/approach – Based on data taken from a cross-sectional survey of 1,308 gay and lesbian employees working in Germany, four regression models are proposed. The means of handling one’s homosexuality at work was measured by the 31 items containing Workplace Sexual Identity Management Measure from Anderson et al. (2001). Findings – Results indicate that being in a relationship is related to increased openness about one’s homosexuality at work. Furthermore, it appears that the older and the more religious lesbian and gay employees are, the more open (and therefore less hidden) about their sexuality they are. Having a migratory background is related to being more guarded about one’s sexual orientation, whereas personal mobility within the country is not related to the way one manages one’s sexual orientation at work. Lesbians tend to be a little more open and less guarded about their homosexuality compared to gay men. Research limitations/implications – The focus of this research (and the related limitations) offers several starting and connecting points for more intersectional research on workforce diversity and diversity management. Practical implications – The study’s findings indicate the need for an intersectional approach to organizational diversity management strategies. Exemplified by the dimension “sexual orientation”, it can be shown that the impact each dimension has for an employee’s everyday workplace experiences and behavior in terms of a certain manifestation of one dimension of diversity can only be understood in terms of its interplay with other dimensions of diversity. Originality/value – It is shown that manifestations of demographic factors that tend to broaden the individual’s coping resources for stigma-relevant stressors lead to more openness about one’s homosexuality in the workplace.

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