scholarly journals How competition modulates risky decision making? Evidence from event-related oscillations (EROs) and event-related potentials (ERPs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Competition Study ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Social Reference

The current research proposal envisages designing three experiments (the flow chart see Figure 6). While both the experimental approach and the design have their strengths and limitations, they will complement one another. In study 1, I sought to investigate the rewards and losses sensitivity under monetary and social competitive context by using two edited versions of classic experimental paradigms (the doors task and the island getaway task) and manipulating two ambiguity competitive contexts in order to adapt the invisible competitive pressure in the real society (Levinson et al., 2017). In study 2 and study 3, I intend to use the monetary and social BART to measure the risk preference under monetary-drive and social-drive competition. Study 2 will focus primarily on one-on-one competitive context while study 3 will replicate the similar influence in multi-people competition. In these two studies, social reference points will be considered as an important moderator in both monetary and social competition. The distance (far and near) of social reference points will also be included in these two studies.

Processing Ergativity: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Zawiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Insight Into

So far ergativity has been mostly studied from a language-theoretic perspective and the evidence on how it is processed and represented is rather scarce. In this paper I provide an insight into ergativity from an experimental approach. First, I present an overview of the experimental methods used to investigate ergativity (self-paced reading, event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging) and next I review studies that examined behavioral, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical correlates of ergativity in both native and non-native speakers, as well as those focused on the universality of processing strategies in ergative languages. Finally, I also review and discuss the experimental data from works that dealt with syntactic and semantic aspects of ergativity and discuss the implication of the results for future research.

Neural Mechanisms of Risky Decision Making in Monetary Gain and Loss Situations

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hao Guan ◽  
Zhijing Zhao ◽  
Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Monetary Gain

Our aim was to investigate the cognitive neural basis, the behavioral characteristics, and the cognitive process of decision making with a group of 30 healthy Chinese adults. Two conditions with tasks drawn from prospect theory allowed us to examine how different risky decisions and related behaviors activate specific brain regions. Participants completed 2 decision tasks in which the amount of possible monetary gain and loss differed. Event-related potentials recorded for analysis during these tasks involved the N2 and P3 components. Participants' behaviors showed risk aversion in the monetary gain condition and risk seeking in the loss condition. Reaction time for risk-seeking decisions in a loss condition was significantly slower than for the same decision in a gain condition. The reactions to uncertainty shared a general neural network, but reactions were activated with different intensities in certain brain regions.

scholarly journals The Association between Economic Inequality and Adolescents' Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Brain Potentials and Genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Related Potentials

The inherent neural mechanism in prosocial behavior and its developmental trajectory are inadequately understood. To address the above gaps, a two-pronged empirical approach, such as experimental approach (e.g., evidence from event-related potentials) and longitudinal questionnaire approach (e.g., latent growth model), is urgently needed to depict a more complete picture of this phenomenon. While both the experimental approach and the correlational approach have their strengths and limitations, they complement one another. In study 1, I sought to replicate prior research and reexamine the relation between SES and adolescents' prosocial behaviors in the ERPs experiment. In study 2, I intend to establish empirical support for the interaction between economic inequality and SES on adolescents' prosocial behavior and the underlying neural mechanism. In these studies, I manipulate the economic inequality and SES in the laboratory experiment to draw causal inferences. Considering the limited external validity of the experiment, study 3 aims to provide longitudinal support for the processing mechanism that explains how economic inequality and SES affect the developmental trajectory of adolescents' prosocial behavior.

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