scholarly journals The Capacity of Self-Relevant Long-Term Memories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian De Freitas ◽  
Lance J. Rips ◽  
George Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
True Self ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Shed Light

What we know as the self is not just one unified construct, but consists of various self-concepts that are continuously created, revised, and discarded, such as “woman”, “Thai national”, “Northwestern student”, and “true self”. These rich, variegated self-concepts help organize our endeavors throughout the different domains of our lives. How do we store information associated with each of these self-concepts without confusing them in long-term memory? We uncover two mechanisms that support this ability— one that arises from the nature of long-term memory processing, and the other that arises from the nature of self-referential processing. Specifically, people are less likely to confuse memories for self-concepts that are more distinct, and they are more likely to remember information for the self than for others. Together, the studies shed light on the mechanisms that support our impressively rich store of self knowledge.

scholarly journals Common Chord Progressions and Feelings of Remembering

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 205920432091684
Author(s):  
Ivan Jimenez ◽  
Tuire Kuusi ◽  
Christopher Doll
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
North American ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
One Year

Although Western tonal syntax can generate a very large number of chord successions of various lengths and degrees of complexity, some types of music, from Renaissance dances to recent pop, tend to rely more heavily on the repetition of relatively simple, short harmonic patterns. Doll recently identified short chord progressions commonly found in North American and British popular music and proposed that these chord progressions can be stored in long-term memory in the form of harmonic schemata that allow listeners to hear them as stereotypical chord progressions. However, considering the challenges that many listeners face when trying to consciously grasp harmony, it seems likely that the feelings of remembering chord progressions varies from listener to listener. To investigate these potential differences, we asked 231 listeners with various levels of musical training to rate their confidence on whether or not they had previously heard six diatonic four-chord progressions. To control for the effect of extra-harmonic features, we instantiated the chord progressions in a way that resembled the piano of a famous song and controlled for participants’ familiarity with that song and whether they had played its chords. We found that ratings correlated with typicality for the two groups of participants who had played an instrument for at least one year and to a lesser extent for the other participants. Additionally, all our players thought of specific songs more often and mentioned songs that better matched the stimuli in harmonic terms. What we did not find, however, was any effect associated to how long participants had played an instrument or the type of the instrument they had played. Our research supports the notion that both musical training and extra-harmonic features affect listeners’ feelings of remembering chord progressions.

Analysis of Long-Term Memory in the Mexican Exchange Market Using a Fuzzy Hurst Exponent: Does Intervention Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Klender Cortez ◽  
Martha Del Pilar Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Monetary Authorities

The following article aims to detect if long-term memory exists in the Mexican exchange rate market. This research was conducted between 1992 and 2016, during which time different intervention mechanisms were presented. The interventions were divided as follows: a) crawling bands (01/1992–12/1994), b) free flotation in crisis (01/1995–07/1996), c) mixed operations with purchases and sales of dollars by the Central Bank (08/1996–06/2001), d) free flotation (07/2001–04/2003), e) accumulation of international reserves (05/2003–02/2009, f) mixed auctions (03/2009–02/2016), and g) free flotation with interest rate increases (03/2016–12/2016). To detect the presence of long-term memory in the peso–dollar exchange rates, we proposed a fuzzy Hurst exponent. The results evidenced distinct types of behaviors depending on the grade of intervention. Compared to a free-floating regime, persistence and fuzzy Hurst values decreased when the Central Bank intervened in the exchange market. On the other hand, uncertainty increased when monetary authorities imposed a mechanism for buying and selling dollars without an exchange rate target.

Cholinergic receptor interactions and their effects on long-term memory processing

1981 ◽  
Vol 215 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Flood ◽  
Dennis W. Landry ◽  
Murray E. Jarvik
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Receptor Interactions

scholarly journals Competitive dynamics underlie cognitive improvements during sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (51) ◽  
pp. e2109339118
Author(s):  
Pin-Chun Chen ◽  
Hamid Niknazar ◽  
William A. Alaynick ◽  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Central Activity ◽  
Switch Mechanism

We provide evidence that human sleep is a competitive arena in which cognitive domains vie for limited resources. Using pharmacology and effective connectivity analysis, we demonstrate that long-term memory and working memory are served by distinct offline neural mechanisms that are mutually antagonistic. Specifically, we administered zolpidem to increase central sigma activity and demonstrated targeted suppression of autonomic vagal activity. With effective connectivity, we determined the central activity has greater causal influence over autonomic activity, and the magnitude of this influence during sleep produced a behavioral trade-off between offline long-term and working memory processing. These findings suggest a sleep switch mechanism that toggles between central sigma-dependent long-term memory and autonomic vagal-dependent working memory processing.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal in vivo recording of dCREB2 dynamics in Drosophila long-term memory processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Anne K. Tanenhaus ◽  
John C. Davis ◽  
Bret M. Hanlon ◽  
Jerry C.P. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Rapid coordination of effective learning by the human hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. eabf7144
Author(s):  
James E. Kragel ◽  
Stephan Schuele ◽  
Stephen VanHaerents ◽  
Joshua M. Rosenow ◽  
Joel L. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

Although the human hippocampus is necessary for long-term memory, controversial findings suggest that it may also support short-term memory in the service of guiding effective behaviors during learning. We tested the counterintuitive theory that the hippocampus contributes to long-term memory through remarkably short-term processing, as reflected in eye movements during scene encoding. While viewing scenes for the first time, short-term retrieval operative within the episode over only hundreds of milliseconds was indicated by a specific eye-movement pattern, which was effective in that it enhanced spatiotemporal memory formation. This viewing pattern was predicted by hippocampal theta oscillations recorded from depth electrodes and by shifts toward top-down influence of hippocampal theta on activity within visual perception and attention networks. The hippocampus thus supports short-term memory processing that coordinates behavior in the service of effective spatiotemporal learning.

scholarly journals A New Tool for Equating Lexical Stimuli Across Experimental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Nathaniel Lintz ◽  
Phui Cheng Lim ◽  
Matthew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Stimulus Word ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lexical Effects ◽  
Word Lists

Extensive work in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics has demonstrated that lexical characteristics are capable of driving large effects, however when word lists serve a utility function and are intended to be unrelated to the effect of interest such as in most working memory or long-term memory paradigms, it is critical to control for these potentially confounding lexical effects. As an alternative to randomly assigning word bank items to stimulus lists, we present LIBRA, a MATLAB-based toolbox for quickly generating stimulus word lists of user-determined length and number, which can be closely equated on an arbitrary number of lexical properties. The toolbox comprises two scripts; one is the main genetic algorithm that performs the inter-list balancing, and the other provides functionality for filtering/trimming long omnibus word lists based on several simple criteria, prior to balancing. We demonstrate that relying on purely randomized procedures often results in substantially unbalanced experimental conditions. In contrast, our method guarantees that the lists used for each experimental condition contain no meaningful differences, and thus that the lexical characteristics of the specific words used will add an absolute minimum of bias/noise to the experiment in which they are applied.

Characterizing Literacy and Cognitive Function during Pregnancy and Postpartum

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Kamel ◽  
Zara Quader ◽  
Priya Rajan ◽  
Shaneah Taylor ◽  
Rachel O'Conor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processing

Objective The objective of this study was to characterize health literacy and cognitive function in a diverse cohort of pregnant women. Methods Pregnant and postpartum women underwent in-depth assessments of health literacy/numeracy and the cognitive domains of verbal ability, working memory, long-term memory, processing speed, and inductive reasoning. Differences by demographic characteristics and gestational age were assessed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results In this cohort of pregnant (N = 77) or postpartum (N = 24) women, 41.6% had limited health literacy/numeracy. Women were more likely to score in the lowest quartile for literacy and verbal ability if they were less educated, younger, nonwhite or had Medicaid. These factors were associated with low scores for long-term memory, processing speed, and inductive reasoning. Although there were no differences in literacy or cognitive function by parity or gestational age, postpartum women were more likely to score in the lowest quartile for processing speed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–10.93) and inductive reasoning (aOR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.21–13.70). Conclusion Although postpartum status was associated with reduced inductive reasoning and processing speed, there were no differences in cognitive function across pregnancy. Practice Implications Postpartum maternal learning may require enhanced support. In addition, cognitive skills and health literacy may be a mediator of perinatal outcomes inequities.

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